Study of the mixed-metal lanthanummagnesium-purpurin complex: spectrophotometric determination of yttrium and lanthanides

Mixtures of La(III) and Mg(II) form with purpurin (P; 1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone) the mixed-metal complex LaMg₂P₅, which is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone at pH 7.5. The molar absorptivity of the complex is 6.1 × 10⁴ l.mole⁻¹.cm⁻¹ at 570 nm and its conditional extraction constant 5 × 10¹³ l⁴.mole⁻⁴. Similar complexes have been found to be formed with yttrium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium and samarium. The use of these complexes for the spectrophotometric determination of yttrium and lanthanides up to 15 μg has been investigated.     

T3P-Promoted Synthesis of a Series of 2-Aryl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-e][1,3]thiazin-4-ones and Their Activity against the Kinetoplastid Parasite Trypanosoma brucei

A series of fourteen 2-aryl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyrido[3,2-e][1,3]thiazin-4-ones was prepared at room temperature by T3P-mediated cyclization of N-phenyl-C-aryl imines with thionicotinic acid, two difficult substrates. The reactions were operationally simple, did not require specialized equipment or anhydrous solvents, could be performed as either two or three component reactions, and gave moderate–good yields as high as 63%. This provides ready access to N-phenyl compounds in this family, which have been generally difficult to prepare. As part of the study, the first crystal structure of neutral thionicotinic acid is also reported, and showed the molecule to be in the form of the thione tautomer. Additionally, the synthesized compounds were tested against T. brucei, the causative agent of Human African Sleeping Sickness. Screening at 50 µM concentration showed that five of the compounds strongly inhibited growth and killed parasites.     

Creating a Model of Acceptance: Preservice Teachers Interact With Non‐English‐Speaking Latino Parents Using Culturally Relevant Mathematics and Science Activities at Family Learning Events

The following describes a culturally relevant mathematics and science content program implemented by preservice teachers (PSTs) at Family Math/Science Learning Events (FM/SLEs) conducted through two different university programs in south Texas. These experiences are required course activities designed to inform PSTs of the importance of interacting with Latino families' culture and language in after school settings. Data were collected from elementary PSTs attending FMLEs and include interactions recorded during the FMLE and interviews with Latino non‐English‐speaking parents after the event. Anecdotal data were also included from parents' interviews collected during culturally relevant Family Science Learning Events. Researchers investigated the following questions: (1) what did Latino parents and PSTs report learning from the FMLE and, (2) how do perceptions toward Latino parents change when PSTs are given the opportunity to interact with and interview Latino parents? Results show that PSTs perceptions of Latino parents can be changed through these events. Implications for teacher preparation programs include providing PSTs with opportunities for participation in FM/SLEs that incorporate planning and teaching culturally relevant math and science activities. The following model of acceptance requires PSTs to identify and reconstruct misconceptions and perceptions of parents, especially non‐English‐speaking Latino parents.     

Depth-profile analysis of nanostructures by SIMS: Depth resolution function

A new model of the depth-resolution function for secondary-ion mass spectrometry, which takes into account recoil implantation, ion mixing, and surface roughness formation under ion irradiation, is considered. A simple three-parameter equation is proposed to describe the depth-resolution function. Analytical expressions are obtained for two parameters.     

Entropy balance and evidence for local spin singlets in a Kagome-like magnet

We have measured the specific heat C(T) of the S = 3 / 2 Kagome-lattice-containing compound SrCr (9p)Ga (12-9p)O (19). We find little field dependence of the low-temperature C(T), consistent with a low-energy spectrum dominated by many-body singlet excitations. At high temperatures, we recover only approximately 50% of the total R ln4 entropy.     

Electrocyclic [1,5] hydrogen shift in the thermal elimination kinetics of phenyl acetate and p-tolyl acetate in the gas phase: a density functional theory study

The kinetics and mechanisms of thermal decomposition of phenyl acetate and p-tolyl acetate in the gas phase were studied by means of electronic structure calculations using density functional theory methods: B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p), B3PW91/6-31G(d,p), B3PW91/6-31++G(d,p), MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p), MPW1PW91/6-31++G(d,p), PBE/6-31G(d,p) and PBE/6-31++G(d,p). Two possible mechanisms have been considered: mechanism A is a stepwise process involving electrocyclic [1,5] hydrogen shift to eliminate ketene through concerted six-membered cyclic transition-state structure, followed by tautomerisation of cyclohexadienone or by 4-methyl cyclohexadienone intermediate to give the corresponding phenol. Mechanism B is a one-step concerted [1,3] hydrogen shift through a four-membered cyclic transition-state geometry, to produce ketene and phenol or p-cresol. Theoretical calculations showed reasonable agreement with experimental activation parameters when using the Perdew, Burke and Ernserhof (PBE)functional, through the stepwise [1,5] hydrogen-shift mechanism. For mechanism B, large deviation for the entropy of activation was observed. No experimental data were available for p-tolyl acetate; however, theoretical calculations showed similar results to phenyl acetate, thus supporting the stepwise mechanism for both phenyl acetate and p-tolyl acetate.