利用荷移反应分光光度法测定注射液中的盐酸利多卡因

采用分光光度法研究了电子受体2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-对苯醌(DDBQ)与电子供体利多卡因(LD)的荷移反应,发现DDBQ与LD在乙腈中生成稳定的离子缔合物,并通过Job's plot确定DDBQ和LD的摩尔比为1:1.LD与DDBQ在587nm处形成强特征吸收峰.据此建立了一种测定注射液中LD含量的荷移分...     

Realization of affine type A Kirillov–Reshetikhin crystals via polytopes

On the polytope defined by Feigin, Fourier and Littelmann, associated to any highest weight corresponding to a rectangular partition, we define a crystal structure of type $A_n$. We show that this crystal is isomorphic to the one obtained from Kashiwara?s crystal bases theory. Further we define on this polytope a bijective map and show that this map satisfies the properties of a weak promotion operator. This implies in particular that we provide an explicit realization of Kirillov–Reshetikhin crystals for the affine type $A_n^{(1)}$ via polytopes.     

Dynamic bidding strategies in search-based advertising

Search-based advertising allows the advertisers to run special campaigns targeted to different groups of potential consumers at low costs. Google, Yahoo and Microsoft advertising programs allow the advertisers to bid for an ad position on the result page of a user’s query when the user searches for a keyword that the advertiser relates to its products or services. The expected revenue generated by the ad depends on the ad position, and the ad positions of the advertisers are concurrently determined after an instantaneous auction based on the bids of the advertisers. The advertisers are charged only when their ads are clicked by the users. To avoid excessive ad expenditures due to sudden surges in the keyword-search activities, each advertiser reserves a fixed finite daily budget, and the ads are not shown in the remainder of the day when the budget is depleted. Arrival times of keyword-search instances, ad positions, ad selections, and sales generated by the ads are random. Therefore, an advertiser faces a dynamic stochastic total net revenue optimization problem subject to a strict budget constraint. Here we formulate and solve this problem using dynamic programming. We show that there is always an optimal dynamic bidding policy. We describe an iterative numerical approximation algorithm that uniformly converges to the optimal solution at an exponential rate of the number of iterations. We illustrate the algorithm on numerical examples. Because dynamic programing calculations of the optimal bidding policies are computationally demanding, we also propose both static and dynamic alternative bidding policies. We numerically compare the performances of optimal and alternative bidding policies by systematically changing each input parameter. The relative percentage total net revenue losses of the alternative bidding policies increases with the budget loading, but were never more than 3.5 % of maximum expected total net revenue. The best alternative to the optimal bidding policy turned out to be a static greedy bidding policy. Finally, statistical estimation of the model parameters is visited.     

Study of the q-Gaussian distribution with the scale index and calculating entropy by normalized inner scalogram

In this paper, we discuss a method based on wavelet analysis for the study of the q-index of the Gaussian distribution. We derive q-index from the scale index, $i_{\mathit{scale}}$, using the expression; $q\equiv 1+2i_{\mathit{scale}}$ where $i_{\mathit{scale}}$ is a wavelet based tool for measuring the degree of aperiodicity of a dynamical system in the range of $0\le i_{\mathit{scale}}\le 1$. We show that this expression gives consistent results with the numerical approach of q-Gaussian distribution which determines the degree of non-extensivity of a dynamical system in the range of $1<q<3$. We also suggest a new entropy calculation method based on the normalized inner scalogram for studying the chaotic characteristics of nonlinear dynamical systems.     

31P AND 2H NMR Spectra of A Lyomesophase Containing Phosphoric Acid Monodecylester and H3PO4

This is a report on ³¹P nmr spectra of phosphoric acid monodecylester, PDE, and ²H quadrupolar splitting of D₂O in a lyomesophase developed from n-decylammonium chloride, PDE/H₃PO₄ and D₂O.Polarizing microcopic and ²H nmr studies showed that the mesophase was of lamellar-like structure but alignes as the temperature is increased. As the mesophase contained a minute amount of free H₃PO₄, the ³¹P nmr spectra gave a sharp peak and a hump. The latter was interpreted to arise from a slow tumbling process of PDE between different agglomerates in this system.     

Photochromic and fluorescence properties of coumarin fulgimides

Four new fulgimides possessing a fluorescent coumarin unit were synthesized from the corresponding fulgides, and their photochromic as well as fluorescence properties were investigated. The open-ring forms of coumarin fulgimides were found to exhibit fluorescence in the visible region. Upon exposure to UV light, the fulgimides were transformed into the nonfluorescent closed-ring forms, which can be reverted to the initial fluorescent open-ring forms on exposure to visible light. The efficiency of quenching of fluorescence was as high as 95% at the photostationary state of UV irradiation.     

Electrostatic self-assembly of quaternized 2,(3)-tetra(oxo-pyridine) phthalocyaninato chloroindium(III) with a series of tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines

The self-assembly of oppositely charged phthalocyanines, fabricated using quaternized 2,(3)-tetra(oxo-pyridine) phthalocyaninato chloroindium (III) (QInPyPc) as the positively charge molecule and a series of tetrasulfonate phthalocyanine (MTSPc), M = 2H, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni as negatively charged molecules are reported. The self-assembly results in the formation of heteroaggregates. The metallated sulfonated phthalocyanines form nanorod and nanoleaf shaped structures as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The UV–Vis spectra showed blue shifted Q bands, suggesting that these structures were in a face-to-face arrangement. The Raman spectra of the heteroaggregates showed shifting compared to the spectra of the precursors.     

Optimization for automated assembly of puzzles

The puzzle-assembly problem has many application areas such as restoration and reconstruction of archeological findings, repairing of broken objects, solving jigsaw type puzzles, molecular docking problem, etc. The puzzle pieces usually include not only geometrical shape information but also visual information such as texture, color, and continuity of lines. This paper presents a new approach to the puzzle-assembly problem that is based on using textural features and geometrical constraints. The texture of a band outside the border of pieces is predicted by inpainting and texture synthesis methods. Feature values are derived from these original and predicted images of pieces. An affinity measure of corresponding pieces is defined and alignment of the puzzle pieces is formulated as an optimization problem where the optimum assembly of the pieces is achieved by maximizing the total affinity measure. A Fast Fourier Transform based image registration technique is used to speed up the alignment of the pieces. Experimental results are presented on real and artificial data sets.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Theoretical Calculation of New Azo Dyes Derived from [1,5‐a]Pyrimidine‐5‐one Having Solvatochromic Properties

7‐Amino‐3‐phenylazo‐2‐methyl‐4H‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐5‐one ( 3 ) was synthesized by the reaction of 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐4‐phenylazo‐1H‐pyrazole and 2‐aminobenzothiazole with ethyl cyanoacetate in acetic acid at 150°C. Four novel heterocyclic azo disperse dyes were obtained by the coupling of heterocyclic amines‐based diazonium chloride with compound 3 . They were purified and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, and ¹H NMR. Furthermore, solvatochromic behaviors of related dyes were studied in detail by using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrometer. The experimental data were supported by density functional theory using b3lyp/cc‐pvtz level calculations, and a detailed analysis of predicted tautomeric structures was made.