Quasi-one dimensional graphite ribbon structures in the presence of a magnetic field and the on-site Coulomb correlation at half-filling

We have presented the role of the Coulomb interaction (U) and the magnetic field [(B)\vec]\vec{B} on the ground state properties of the quasi-one dimensional graphite ribbon structures at half-filling. Mean field Hartree-Fock Approximation is used to study the systems. To understand the boundary effects in graphite structures, we have compared the results of these systems with those of the square lattice ribbon structures. Studying the density of states, the Drude weight and the charge gap, we have drawn the U – B phase diagrams for the zigzag and the armchair graphite ribbons.     

Structural state of a radiation-modified Ti50Ni47Fe3 single crystal in the low-temperature range

The structural state of a Ti₅₀Ni₄₇Fe₃ single crystal irradiated by fast neutrons has been investigated using thermal neutron diffraction at a temperature of 78 K. The current interest expressed in this problem is caused by the search for a radiation-resistant material with the shape memory effect. It has been found that the main structural motif of the crystal exposed to irradiation is retained but martensitic transformations are absent. The radiation resistance of crystals of this class has been evaluated.     

Numerical and experimental study of excited light and auto-fluorescence diffusion in teeth

Excited light and corresponding intrinsic fluorescence diffusion inside teeth tissue are an essential problem for light-based carious lesion detection. Based on finite element numerical analysis of diffusion equation, the photon density distribution of both excited light and autofluorescence of 2D premolar teeth model is obtained. The dependence of excited light and autofluorescence density distribution inside the teeth model on the scattering coefficient of enamel (5–25 mm⁻¹) and dentine (100–140 mm⁻¹) is numerically simulated and analyzed. The fitted results reveal that fluorescence intensity decreases exponentially. Optical penetration depth and fluorescence relative depth declined with the increment of scattering coefficient of enamel. And the dentine had the opposite effect. Finally, the experiment of measurement of fluorescence intensity on the teeth surface is conducted and the result is compared with the numerical computation.     

Tracking interacting dark states through higher order absorption resonances

A three photon resonance arising due to coherent population trapped (CPT) states in multi-level systems, is experimentally shown to be a powerful spectral marker to detect interacting CPT states. In systems showing N type or double Λ type level configurations, these absorption resonances can be used to identify spectral positions of maximal interactions between competing CPT ground states. The contrast of the absorption resonance serves to identify even partially destructive interactions between the CPT states, eliminating the need for strong resonant changes of ground state coherence for identification. We demonstrate this effect in a room temperature, gaseous collection of ⁸⁷Rb. atoms. Three laser fields interact with a double Λ configuration in the Zeeman degenerate levels of the ground state 5S_1/2S_{1/2}, F = 1 and those of the excited states 5P_3/2P_{3/2}, F = 0,1, around the D2 line. The three-photon resonance is studied in the counter-propagating third field when the other two co-propagating fields satisfy the two-photon resonance condition necessary for creation of CPT states. We envisage that this absorption feature in the third field, can become a veritable tool to quantify degradation of CPT induced effects in engineered quantum states using multi-level systems.     

Imaging of conducting media by the electric field tomography method

The paper describes physical principles of electric field tomography that allows information on spatial distribution of conductivity and permittivity of an object to be obtained in a noncontact way using the quasi-static electric field. Specific features in implementation of the method are pointed out, and the results of imaging test objects are given.     

Theoretical analysis of the static quenching of optical excitations in luminescent nanoparticles

A compact analytical expression has been obtained for the kinetics of the donor-acceptor transfer of the energy and the quenching of optical excitations in spherical nanoparticles with luminescent impurities. A series of numerical experiments simulating the process have been performed using the Monte Carlo method for nanoparticles of various sizes and concentrations of acceptors. The analytical expression well describes the numerical simulation results.     

Effect of cloud on atmospheric ozone formation over Kolkata (22°34′N, 88°24′E), India

The paper presents the nature of variations of clouds and total ozone over Kolkata (22°34′N, 88°24′E), India. The low-level cloud over Kolkata has been noticed to occur for many days and nights, particularly in the months from June to September. The low level cloud occurrences were minimum in winter months. The effect of cloud occurrence on ozone concentration has been critically analyzed and explained. It has been observed that the concentration of ozone increased with the increase of cloud occurrence. The related possible chemical explanation for ozone production processes has been offered.     

Droplets sliding on fibres

We present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of oil droplets sliding on fibres. First, both the axisymmetric shape and the motion of a droplet on a vertical fibre are described. The motion is shown to result from a balance between the droplet weight and the viscous stresses. On a long-term range, the droplet loses some mass through coating the fibre, which decreases its velocity. In a second time, we rationalize the behaviour of a droplet that encounters a junction between vertical and horizontal fibres. Depending on its size, the droplet may cross the junction or remain blocked. The transition is well described by an ordinary differential equation equivalent to a damped harmonic oscillator truncated to the neighbourhood of the horizontal fibre. This simple system is the basic element for more complex fiber networks that would be useful in microfluidic applications involving droplets.     

Electric-discharge UV radiation source based on a Xe-CsCl vapor-gas mixture

A source of spontaneous UV radiation (excilamp) with a maximum radiation intensity at a wavelength of 308 nm is created. The active medium of the excilamp consists of a mixture of Xe with a CsCl vapor, and this mixture is excited in a longitudinal pulsed-periodic discharge. The B → X transition in the XeCl* exciplex molecule most strongly contributes to the total UV radiation power of the excilamp. The spectral composition of the UV radiation, the time characteristics of the source, and the formation of exciplex molecules as a function of the main discharge excitation parameters are studied.     

Magnetocaloric effect in Pr<Subscript>1 − <Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Ag<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>MnO<Subscript>3</Subscript> manganites

The magnetocaloric effect in alternating magnetic fields has been investigated in Pr_{1 − x} Ag _x MnO₃ manganites with x = 0.05−0.25. The stepwise reversal of the sign of the magnetocaloric effect has been revealed in a weakly doped sample (x = 0.05) at low temperatures (∼80 K). This reversal is attributed to the coexistence of the ferromagnetic and canted antiferromagnetic phases with different critical temperatures.