X-ray damage characterization in BaLiF3,KMgF3 and LiCaAlF6 complex fluorides

Two-inch sized KMgF₃,BaLiF₃ and LiCaAlF₆ (LiCAF) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method under a CF₄ atmosphere. X-ray irradiation was used to carry out a comparative study of induced optical absorption phenomena and colour centre creation in the ultra-violet and visible spectral regions. The integral of the induced absorption spectra is significantly lower in LiCAF with respect to the other studied materials. It is found that the amplitude of the F-absorption band is suppressed more than a factor of 3 by Mg-doping. For Mg-doped crystals, the optimum doping concentration is about 0.2 mol% of Mg²⁺.     

Energy storage in Ce-doped LiCaAlF6 and LiSrAlF6 crystals

Absorption, emission and thermoluminescence (TL) of as-grown and X-irradiated pure and Ce-doped LiCaAlF₆ (LiCAF) and LiSrAlF₆ (LiSAF) crystals have been analyzed. It is shown that the energy storage is defined by the dissimilarity of basic matrix properties, intrinsic defect structure, preferred Ce³⁺ ion disposition and charge compensation defect type. This is the reason of higher colorability and TL efficiency of as-grown Ce:LiSAF compared to Ce:LiCAF. Pre-filling of ultra-deep traps leads to enormous increases in the TL response. Due to these properties Ce:LiSAF and Ce:LiCAF are promising thermoluminescent dosimetric materials.     

Production of heavy nuclei in the interaction of <Superscript>7</Superscript>Li ions with copper nuclei at an energy of 35 MeV per nucleon

The absolute values of the cross sections for the production of target fragments in the interaction of copper with ⁷Li ions at an energy of 35 MeV per nucleon were measured. The measurements were performed by recording the yields of radioactive nuclear residues with the aid of a semiconductor detector from ultrapure germanium. The charge and isobaric distributions in the mass-number range 22–69 amu were used to deduce the mass yield of reaction products and to calculate the total interaction cross section. The results are presented that were derived from a comparison with data obtained for ¹²C + Cu reactions and with estimates based on theoretical models.     

Searches for single-spin asymmetry in the inclusive production of neutral pions in the central region at a proton beam energy of 70 GeV

Results are presented that were obtained by measuring single-spin asymmetry in the inclusive production of neutral pions in the reaction p+p ↑→ π ⁰+X at x _F≈0. A beam of 70-GeV protons was extracted directly from the vacuum chamber of the accelerator by means of a bent single crystal. For transverse momenta in the range 1.0<p _T<3.0 GeV/c, the single-spin asymmetry independently measured by two detectors is zero within the errors. This result is in agreement with Fermilab data obtained at 200 GeV, but it is at odds with CERN data measured at 24 GeV.     

Properties of backscattered particles produced by protons of energy above 1 TeV in an iron absorber

Backscattered-particle production is studied by means of a detailed simulation of cascade processes in a dense medium. The energy dependence of the albedo and the spatial and angular distributions of various components of this flux are analyzed.     

Translational-rotational interaction in dynamics and thermodynamics of a two-dimensional atomic crystal with molecular impurities

The interaction between the rotational degrees of freedom of a diatomic impurity molecule and phonon excitations of a two-dimensional atomic matrix commensurate to the substrate is investigated theoretically. It is shown that the translational-rotational interaction leads to renormalization of the crystal field constants and a change in the form of the operator for the rotational kinetic energy as compared to the corresponding expression for a free rotator. The contribution from the rotational degrees of freedom of impurities to the low-temperature heat capacity of a diluted solution of diatomic molecules in the two-dimensional atomic matrix is calculated. The possibility of experimentally observing the predicted effects is discussed.     

Modeling of the structure and electronic structure of condensed phases of small fullerenes C<Subscript>28</Subscript> and Zn@C<Subscript>28</Subscript>

A comparative analysis of the stability factors and electronic structure of two possible crystalline forms of small fullerene C₂₈ and endohedral fullerene Zn@C₂₈ with diamond and lonsdaleite structures is performed using a cluster model. Atoms of elements that, when placed inside C₂₈ cages, have no significant effect on the stability of free small-fullerene molecules are shown to be able to dramatically change the electronic properties and reactivity of the C₂₈ skeleton and to be favorable for forming small-fullerene crystalline modifications, which are covalent crystals. In contrast, if the presence of foreign atoms inside C₂₈ cages stabilizes the isolated nanoparticles, then molecular crystals (such as C₆₀ fullerites) are formed due to weak van der Waals forces.     

Spatial macroscopic structure of a pulsed microsecond discharge in barrier-metal gaps with a nonuniform electric field distribution

Electric and spatial characteristics of a pulse-periodic microsecond barrier discharge are investigated in different geometries—triangular prism, plate, and corrugated electrode—that are in contact with a dielectric plate and form a dihedral angle with it. It is established that, in the space of the dihedral angle, the regions of discharge represent alternating cylindrical layers with the axes lying on the contact line. The first conducting layer is formed at some distance from the contact edge of the electrode. The number of layers and their localization are determined by the angle formed between an electrode and the dielectric plate. A physical model explaining the main features of the structure formation is proposed.