全文获取类型
收费全文 | 913篇 |
免费 | 65篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 713篇 |
晶体学 | 2篇 |
力学 | 30篇 |
数学 | 100篇 |
物理学 | 134篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 16篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 39篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 47篇 |
2012年 | 79篇 |
2011年 | 66篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 43篇 |
2008年 | 67篇 |
2007年 | 54篇 |
2006年 | 66篇 |
2005年 | 55篇 |
2004年 | 40篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 3篇 |
1932年 | 2篇 |
1931年 | 2篇 |
1930年 | 2篇 |
1929年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有979条查询结果,搜索用时 68 毫秒
91.
92.
We reformulate the leaky mode condition of planar Bragg waveguides as two simple, separate conditions on the propagation constant; a phase match condition and a loss formula. These relations enable efficient numerical calculations of the mode properties. Furthermore, we use the phase match condition as a starting point to discuss the dispersion of waveguides with advanced cladding structures. In particular, we point out that chirped claddings, where the effective reflection point is dependent on frequency, do not give dispersion characteristics significantly different from metallic waveguides or waveguides with periodic claddings. 相似文献
93.
The efficiency of thermoelectric power generators and the coefficient of performance of thermoelectric refrigerators increase rapidly in the region of small ZT, and then level off to a flat curve in the region of large ZT, where ZT is the figure of merit. Therefore, simply because one-dimensional thermoelectric materials have high ZT predicted theoretically does not imply that efficient thermoelectric devices can be built with such one-dimensional systems. Our numerical analysis, based on the fundamental thermodynamics which is independent of material systems, with emphasis on energy transport has confirmed this conjecture. 相似文献
94.
Ortho‐Quinone Methides as Reactive Intermediates in Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Cycloadditions with Unactivated Alkenes by Exclusive Activation of the Electrophile
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
MSc. Chien‐Chi Hsiao Dr. Sadiya Raja MSc. Hsuan‐Hung Liao Prof. Dr. Magnus Rueping 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(19):5762-5765
An efficient method for the highly enantioselective synthesis of chiral chromanes bearing multiple stereogenic centers was developed. A chiral BINOL‐based N‐triflylphosphoramide proved to be an effective catalyst for the in situ generation of ortho‐quinone methides (o‐QMs) and their subsequent cycloaddition reaction with unactivated alkenes provided chromanes with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. 相似文献
95.
Trifa M. Ahmed Christoffer Bergvall Magnus Åberg Roger Westerholm 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2015,407(2):427-438
The objective of this study was to develop a novel analytical chemistry method, comprised of a coupled high-performance liquid chromatography–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system (LC–GC/MS) with low detection limits and high selectivity, for the identification and determination of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban air and diesel particulate matter. The linear range of the four OPAHs, which include 9,10-anthraquinone, 4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene-4-one, benzanthrone, and 7,12-benz[a]anthraquinone, was 0.7 pg–43.3 ng with limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) on the order of 0.2–0.8 and 0.7–1.3 pg, respectively. The LODs in this study are generally lower than values reported in the literature, which can be explained by using large-volume injection. The recoveries of the OPAHs spiked onto glass fiber filters using two different pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) methods were in the ranges of 84–107 and 67–110 %, respectively. The analytical protocols were validated using the following National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials: SRM 1649a (Urban Dust), SRM 1650b (Diesel Particulate Matter), and SRM 2975 (Diesel Particulate Matter, Industrial Forklift). The measured mass fractions of the OPAHs in the standard reference materials (SRMs) in this present study are higher than the values from the literature, except for benzanthrone in SRM 1649a (Urban Dust). In addition to the OPAHs, 44 PAHs could be detected and quantified from the same particulate extract used in this protocol. Using data from the literature and applying a two-sided t test at the 5 % level using Bonferroni correction, significant differences were found between the tested PLE methods for individual PAHs. However, the measured mass fractions of the PAHs were comparable, similar to, or higher than those previously reported in the literature. 相似文献
96.
97.
Nicola Bellomo Nils Calander Eugen Mamontov Magnus Willander 《Comptes Rendus Mecanique》2003,331(7):461-467
98.
Magnus Ekh Robert Lillbacka Kenneth Runesson 《International Journal of Plasticity》2004,20(12):2143-2159
We develop a model framework for anisotropic damage coupled to crystal (visco)plasticity, which is based on the concept of a fictitious (undamaged) configuration. The theoretical setting is that of finite strains, which is natural when studying crystal inelasticity even in the case of actual small strains. It turns out that the evolution law for damage, which reflects degradation in the slip planes and which is the key new relation, bears strong resemblance with the inelastic flow rule. Some numerical results showing qualitatively the anisotropic development of damage concludes the paper. 相似文献
99.
Eriksen JJ Olsen JM Aidas K Ågren H Mikkelsen KV Kongsted J 《Journal of computational chemistry》2011,32(13):2853-2864
In this study, we have applied two different spanning protocols for obtaining the molecular conformations of L-tryptophan in aqueous solution, namely a molecular dynamics simulation and a molecular mechanics conformational search with subsequent geometry re-optimization of the stable conformers using a quantum mechanically based method. These spanning protocols represent standard ways of obtaining a set of conformations on which NMR calculations may be performed. The results stemming from the solute-solvent configurations extracted from the MD simulation at 300 K are found to be inferior to the results stemming from the conformations extracted from the MM conformational search in terms of replicating an experimental reference as well as in achieving the correct sequence of the NMR relative chemical shifts of L-tryptophan in aqueous solution. We find this to be due to missing conformations visited during the molecular dynamics run as well as inaccuracies in geometrical parameters generated from the classical molecular dynamics simulations. 相似文献
100.
Chiral phosphoric acids and derivatives have attracted considerable attention as a powerful tool in asymmetric catalysis. Various enantioselective reactions have been developed by using these efficient Br?nsted acid organocatalysts. Although initially the activation was restricted to reactive Br?nsted basic substrates, recent reports are demonstrating the versatility of phosphoric acid catalysts in the activation of carbonyl compounds in a stereochemically controlled fashion. This tutorial review gives an overview of enantioselective Br?nsted acid catalyzed transformations with the main focus on carbonyl activation. Different activation modes, key features of the catalysts and the applied substrates are presented and discussed with the goal to elucidate the origin of stereoselectivity in these Br?nsted acid catalyzed transformations. 相似文献