A functional relation is obtained between radiative transfer in an inhomogeneous finite planar layer with an internal energy source and diffuse reflection. The intensity is derived for the emerging radiation of a polynomial energy source. We use Padé approximants to calculate the emitted intensity for a linear energy source when the single scattering albedo decreases exponentially with optical depth. Numerical results are given for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous media. 相似文献
Mesityl 2,6-xylyl ketone in 89.8% (w/w) sulfuric acid undergoes cleavage to give mesitylenesulfonic acid, xylenesulfonic acid, and carbon dioxide as final products. The reaction has been analyzed in terms of a series of first-order reactions. Of the two possible reaction paths available it was shown that fission at the mesityl group is responsible for about 98.5% of the overall initial reaction at 25°C. 相似文献
Ohne ZusammenfassungDiese Arbeit entstand, während der Verfasser als Stipendiat der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung an der Universität Freiburg weilte.Ich möchte mich an dieser Stelle für das Interesse an dieser Arbeit und die wertvollen Anregungen bei den Herren Dr. Peter Hauck und Prof. Dr. Otto H. Kegel bedanken. 相似文献
A new simple potentiometric sensor based on the precipitation of AgDDC within a graphite rod is described. The electrode is sensitive for both DDC and silver ions down to 10?5M and can be used as an indicator electrode for complexometric titration of metallic ions with NaDDC and argentimetric titration of some organic and inorganic compounds. Accurate results are obtained for microdetermination of some metal ions singly or simultaneously (in binary and tertiary mixtures and alloys) and thiols, sulfonamides, and halides in organic compounds. 相似文献
Brick-shaped zinc tungstate nanoparticles have been synthesized by ecofriendly solvent-free process using molten salts. Zinc tungstate nanobricks (ZnWO4 Nbs) were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), FTIR, Raman, energy dispersive and electron microscopic studies. ZnWO4 Nbs are used as the multifunctional electrode materials to oxygen generation reactions (OGR), oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and supercapacitors (SCs) as well as photo-catalysts in the waste-water treatment by the degradation of organic dyes. Low overpotential (?10?=?0.475?V), low tafel slope (140?mV/dec), high current density (~70?mA/cm2) and good stability of the electrodes are the key results of the present studies for water electrolysis (OGR/ORR). ZnWO4 Nbs have also shown great interest in supercapacitors with efficient charge–discharge activities in 1?M KOH. The specific capacitance and energy density of ZnWO4 Nbs were found to be 250?F/g and 80?Wh/kg, respectively, at 5?mV/s, these values are relatively higher than that of previously reported specific capacitance and energy density value of metal tungstate nanoparticles. ZnWO4 Nbs as the photo-catalysts work very significantly for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous MB dye solution (~85 % in 3?h) in neutral medium.
ZnWO4 Nanobricks show significant multifunctional electro-chemical activities in alkaline medium and photocatalytic degradation of organic dye in neutral medium.
Calcined eggshell (CES) food residue was modified by depositing sol-gel titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with narrow size distribution onto it through in situ precipitation and a novel hybrid nano biosorbent, namely TiO2-CES, was obtained. The deposition was characterized and the TiO2-CES nano network was used for efficient adsorption of single azo class anionic dye acid red nylon 57 (AN57) from aqueous solutions and the adsorption was pH dependent. Lower pH favored the sorption at the tested different pHs of 1.0–8.0. The calcination temperature had a cogent influence on the adsorption process. The sorption process reached equilibrium within 40?min, and the mathematical models were positively verified and could be described by a pseudo-second-order pattern, while equilibrium was described with Langmuir-type equation. In addition, the reusability study has proven that 0.5?M HNO3 was efficient enough to desorb AN57 from the hybrid nano sorbent. All results validated that TiO2-CES is Eco-Friendly adsorbent material practical treatment of dyes contaminated water. 相似文献
According to WHO report, globally about 10 million active tuberculosis cases, resulting in about 1.6 million deaths, further aggravated by drug-resistant tuberculosis and/or comorbidities with HIV and diabetes are present. Incomplete therapeutic regimen, meager dosing, and the capability of the latent and/or active state tubercular bacilli to abide and do survive against contemporary first-line and second line antitubercular drugs escalate the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. As a better understanding of tuberculosis, microanatomy has discovered an extended range of new promising antitubercular targets and diagnostic biomarkers. However, there are still no new approved antitubercular drugs of routine therapy for several decades, except for bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid approved tentatively. Despite this, innovative methods are also urgently needed to find potential new antitubercular drug candidates, which potentially decimate both latent state and active state mycobacterium tuberculosis. To explore and identify the most potential antitubercular drug candidate among various reported compounds, we focused to highlight the promising lead derivatives of isoniazid, coumarin, griselimycin, and the antimicrobial peptides. The aim of the present review is to fascinate significant lead compounds in the development of potential clinical drug candidates that might be more precise and effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis, the world research looking for a long time. 相似文献