全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1206篇 |
免费 | 56篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1054篇 |
晶体学 | 7篇 |
力学 | 13篇 |
数学 | 68篇 |
物理学 | 122篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 72篇 |
2021年 | 97篇 |
2020年 | 33篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 34篇 |
2016年 | 67篇 |
2015年 | 53篇 |
2014年 | 74篇 |
2013年 | 97篇 |
2012年 | 112篇 |
2011年 | 94篇 |
2010年 | 62篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 64篇 |
2007年 | 63篇 |
2006年 | 46篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 33篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1928年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1264条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
111.
Magdalena Ulmeanu Iuliana Iordache Mihaela Filipescu Valentin Craciun Simona Cinta Pinzaru Andreas Hörner 《Central European Journal of Physics》2011,9(5):1280-1287
Experimental studies on patterning hexagonal Ge nanostructures have been conducted on Si substrates through deposition of
Ge with colloidal particles as a mask. The deposited Ge thin film possesses, according to the X-ray diffraction measurements,
in plane texture, being epitaxial and aligned with the (111) Si substrate. The size distribution of the patterned Ge nanostructures
is narrow, as indicated by the atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements. We have obtained Ge
nanostructures with lateral dimension of 490 nm (height 12 nm), 200 nm (height 6 nm) and 82 nm (height 6 nm) by using different
sizes of polystyrene spheres. We have performed in depth studies of the Ge nanostructures’ behavior due to thermal and rapid
thermal post-annealing processes. FT micro-Raman spectroscopy shows that there is no Si intermixing during the annealing process.
In order to quantify the changes in the height and lateral dimension, we have performed atomic force microscopy and white
light interferometry analysis. The changes in shape and the decrease in the area of a cross-section of Ge nanostructure will
be discussed in respect to similar results shown in the literature for Ge thin films during the annealing process. 相似文献
112.
Agata Roguska Andrzej KudelskiMarcin Pisarek Magdalena OparaMaria Janik-Czachor 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(19):8182-8189
Tubular arrays of TiO2 nanotubes (ranging in diameter from 40 to 110 nm) on a Ti substrate were used as a support for Ag, Au or Cu deposits obtained by the sputter deposition technique, where the amount of metal varied from 0.01 to 0.2 mg/cm2. Those composite supports were intended for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) investigations. Composite samples were studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) to reveal their characteristic morphological and chemical features. Raman spectra of pyridine (as a probe molecule) were measured at different cathodic potentials ranging from −0.2 down to −1.2 V after the pyridine had been adsorbed on the metal-covered TiO2 nanotube/Ti substrates. In addition, SERS spectra on a bulk standard activated Ag, Au and Cu substrates were also measured. The SERS activity of the composite samples was strongly dependent on the amount of metal deposit, e.g. at and above 0.06 mg Ag/cm2, the intensity of SERS signal was even higher than that for the Ag reference substrate. The high activity of these composites is mainly a result of their specific morphology. The high SERS sensitivity on the surface morphology of the substrate made it possible to monitor very small temporal changes in the Ag metal clusters. This rearrangement was not detectable with microscopic (SEM) or microanalytical (AES) methods. The SERS activity of Au or Cu clusters was distinctly lower than those of Ag. The spectral differences exhibited by the three kinds of composites as compared to the reference metal samples are discussed. 相似文献
113.
Paweł K. Zarzycki Magdalena M. ŚlączkaMagdalena B. Zarzycka Elżbieta WłodarczykMichał J. Baran 《Analytica chimica acta》2012
The main goal of present paper is to demonstrate the separation and detection capability of micro-TLC technique involving simple one step liquid extraction protocols of complex materials without multi-steps sample pre-purification. In the present studies target components (cyanobacteria pigments, lipids and fullerenes) were isolated from heavy loading complex matrices including spirulina dried cells, birds’ feathers and fatty oils as well as soot samples derived from biomass fuel and fossils-fired home heating systems. In each case isocratic separation protocol involving less that 1 mL of one component or binary mixture mobile phases can be completed within time of 5–8 min. Sensitive detection of components of interest was performed via fluorescence or staining techniques using iodine or phosphomolybdic acid. Described methodology can be applied for fast fractionation or screening of whole range of target substances as well as chemo-taxonomic studies and fingerprinting of complex mixtures, which are present in raw biological or environmental samples. 相似文献
114.
Marija Mirković Drina Janković Sanja Vranješ‐Đurić Magdalena Radović Dragana Stanković Dušan Mijin Nadežda Nikolić 《应用有机金属化学》2012,26(7):347-355
Two novel diamine dioxime ligands, 4,7‐diaza‐3,8‐diethyldecane‐2,9‐dione bis oxime (3) and 4,9‐diaza‐3,10‐diethyldodecane‐2,11‐dione bis oxime (5), were synthesized in order to develop new brain perfusion imaging agents, based on 99mTc(V)‐complexes. The synthesis involved condensation of 2‐hydroxyimino‐3‐pentanone with appropriate diamine in protic solvent which afforded the bis imine adducts. Subsequent reduction of imine functional groups yielded a diastereoisomeric mixture of 3 and 5. UV–visible, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis were used to characterize the structures of the synthesized compounds. 99mTc‐complexes of both diamine dioximes were prepared and radiolabeling conditions optimized to give the maximum yield. Physicochemical parameters of the labeled complexes as well as and their biodistribution in rats were investigated. Both compounds (3 and 5) formed 99mTc‐complexes with a net charge of zero, determined by electrophoresis. The resultant lipophilic 99mTc‐complexes of 3 and 5 were readily formed at pH ~9.0 within 10 min at room temperature with yields of 90% and 95%, respectively. The 99mTc‐3 complex was found to be stable within 1 h, while 99mTc‐5 was stable for a few hours. A significant brain uptake of 99mTc‐3 (2.1% injected dose) and 99mTc‐5 (1.8% injected dose) complexes, 2 min after injection, is in accordance with their lipophilicity. The present study suggests that both ligands are promising candidates as new 99mTc‐based brain‐imaging agents. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
115.
116.
Magdalena Niziolek-Kierecka Anna Pilat Witold Korytowski Albert W. Girotti 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2010,86(3):681-686
Using a 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy model, we have discovered a new effect of nitric oxide (NO)—the ability to accommodate apoptosis. When sensitized by disseminated ALA-generated protoporphyrin IX, COH-BR1 tumor cells in glucose-containing medium died mainly by necrosis with a low level of apoptosis. Introduced before light at a nontoxic concentration, the NO donor SPNO inhibited necrosis, but supported apoptosis such that the latter became predominant in the remaining cell death. Accompanying this was a large increase in caspase-3/7 activation. SPNO-supported apoptosis was more pronounced when glucose-deprived cells were compared with glucose-replenished, SPNO-treated counterparts. SPNO plus glucose also suppressed plasma membrane-damaging lipid peroxidation and loss of cellular ATP under photostress. The NO effect is attributed to membrane protection with maintenance of sufficient glycolytic ATP to sustain apoptosis. 相似文献
117.
We present a simple microscopic model to show how fluctuating two-level systems in a Josephson junction tunnel barrier of thickness L can modify the potential energy of the barrier and produce critical current noise spectra. We find low frequency 1/f noise that goes as L5. Our values are in good agreement with recent experimental measurements of critical current noise in Al/AlOx/Al Josephson junctions. We also investigate the sensitivity of the noise on the nonuniformity of the tunnel barrier. 相似文献
118.
Influence of the soft segment length on the properties of water‐cured poly(carbonate‐urethane‐urea)s
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《先进技术聚合物》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Magdalena M. Mazurek Karolina Tomczyk Monika Auguścik Joanna Ryszkowska Gabriel Rokicki 《先进技术聚合物》2015,26(1):57-67
Poly(carbonate‐urethane‐urea)s (PCUU) based on oligocarbonate diols (Mn ≈ 2000) with different length of the hydrocarbon chain as soft segments were synthesized and investigated. Carbonate oligomerols were obtained in a two‐step method from dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and linear α,ω‐diols (1,4‐butanediol, 1,5‐pentanediol, 1,6‐hexanediol, 1,9‐nonanediol, 1,10‐dekanediol and 1,12‐dodecanediol). Oligo(trimethylene carbonate) diol was synthesized using ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylence carbonate. PCUUs were obtained by prepolymer method using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and water as a chain extender. Changes in polymers properties with increase of methylene group number between carbonate linkages were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile strength and hardness measurements. The thermal stability was also analyzed by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on FTIR analysis influence of methylene groups number between carbonate linkages on phase separation and concentration of allophanate and biuret groups in the samples were investigated. The obtained poly(carbonate‐urethane‐urea)s exhibited very good mechanical properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break were 40 MPa and 400–600%, respectively, depending on the oligocarbonate used. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
119.
Analysis of a new drug of abuse: Cathinone derivative 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)pentan‐1‐one
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of separation science》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Jennifer A. Weiß Magdalena Taschwer Olaf Kunert Martin G. Schmid 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(5):825-828
Recently, novel psychoactive drugs for human abuse such as amphetamines, phenethylamines, benzofuries, and tryptamines, cathinones have gained high popularity. These designer drugs are mainly sold via online stores as “bath salts” and are labeled “not for human consumption.” Due to the novelty of the compounds, only a little information about pharmacology, toxicology, and the long‐term damage they may cause is available. Moreover, there are only few analytical methods for their identification and analysis. Among new cathinone derivatives, 1‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)pentan‐1‐one (DL‐4662), became available via an internet shop. A sample of this compound was purchased and investigated. The first aim of our study was an identity check by NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. As many of the recreational drugs are chiral and are mainly sold as racemates, a further goal of our research was enantioseparation by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, to prove whether DL‐4662 was traded enantiomerically pure or as racemic mixture. Both chiral separation methods showed the presence of a racemate. 相似文献
120.