Uniqueness and the global Markov property for Euclidean fields: The case of general exponential interaction

The uniqueness and the global Markov property for the regular Gibbs measure corresponding to the interaction $$U_\Lambda (\varphi ): = \lambda \int\limits_\Lambda {d_2 x\int {d\varrho (\alpha ):e^{\alpha \varphi } :_0 (x)} } $$ [forλ>0,d?(α) a probability measure with support in \(( - 2\sqrt {\pi ,} 2\sqrt \pi )\) ] is proved.     

Adsorption of water vapour from humid air by selected carbon adsorbents

The water uptake by carbon molecular sieves (CMS) and graphitized carbons, all of which are used to determine volatile organic compounds in air, was investigated using a direct experimental approach. CMS, e.g. Carboxen 1002, Carboxen 1003 and Anasorb CMS adsorb substantial amounts of water, in the range 400 to 450 mg per gram of adsorbent. Graphitized carbons, e.g. Carbrogaph 5TD and Carbopack X show low water trapping, less than 30 mg g(-1) and Carbopack Y as little as 5 mg g(-1) or less. The water sorption capacity for graphitized carbons is strongly dependent on the relative humidity (RH). The change of RH from 95 to 90% decreases the amount of adsorbed water by more than a factor of 2. Two different water adsorption mechanisms are operative: adsorption on polar centers and micropore volume filling. For graphitized carbons and CMS at low RH, adsorption on polar centers is involved. For CMS, once the threshold value of relative humidity (RHth) is surpassed, micropore volume filling becomes predominant. RHth is 44 +/- 3 and 42 +/- 3% for Carboxen 1002 and 1003, respectively, and 32 +/- 3% for Anasorb CMS. The CMS mass in the trap was found not to affect the mass of retained water under condition of incomplete saturation of adsorbent bed with water. Thus, the restrictions commonly imposed on the CMS mass are not necessary. The dry purging technique is suggested to remove adsorbed water. Carbograph 5TD and Carbopack X require only a few hundred ml of dry air to remove adsorbed water entirely. Water can also be purged out from CMS; however, much larger volumes of dry air are needed.     

Reactivity of iron(II) 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-21-oxaporphyrin with arylmagnesium bromide: formation of paramagnetic six-coordinate complexes with two axial aryl groups

Coordination of sigma-aryl carbanions by chloroiron(II) 5,20-ditolyl-10,15-diphenyl-21-oxaporphyrin (ODTDPP)Fe(II)Cl has been followed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Addition of pentafluorophenyl Grignard reagent (C(6)F(5))MgBr to the toluene solution of (ODTDPP)Fe(II)Cl in the absence of dioxygen at 205 K resulted in the formation of the high-spin (ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)F(5)). The titration of (ODTDPP)Fe(II)Cl with a solution of (C(6)H(5))MgBr carried at 205 K yields a rare six-coordinate species which binds two sigma-aryl ligands [(ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)H(5))(2)](-). Warming of the [(ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)H(5))(2)](-) solution above 270 K results in the decomposition to mono-sigma-phenyliron species (ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)H(5)). Controlled oxidation of [(ODTDPP)Fe(II)(C(6)H(5))(2)](-) with Br(2) affords (ODTDPP)Fe(III)(C(6)H(5))Br, which demonstrates a typical (1)H NMR pattern of low-spin sigma-aryl iron(III) porphyrin. The considered oxidation mechanism involves the (ODTDPP)Fe(III)(C(6)H(5))(2) species, which is readily reduced to the iron(I) 21-oxaporphyrin, followed by oxidation with Br(2) and replacement of one bromide anion by aryl substituent. The (1)H NMR spectra of paramagnetic iron complexes have been examined in detail. Functional group assignments have been made with the use of selective deuteration. The peculiar (1)H NMR spectral features of [(ODTDPP)Fe(II)(p-CH(3)C(6)H(4))(2)](-) (sigma-p-tolyl: ortho, 30.8; meta, 53.6; para-CH(3), 42.1; furan: -16.0; beta-H pyrrole: -27.5, -34.3, -41.8 ppm, at 205 K) are without a parallel to any iron(II) porphyrin or heteroporphyrin and indicate a profound alteration of the electronic structure of iron(II) porphyrin upon the coordination of two sigma-aryls.     

Studies on use of differential thermal and thermogravimetric techniques for checking compositions of some drug formulations

The suitability of the differential thermal and thermogravimetric techniques for the determination of compositions of solid and soft drug formulations has been studied. A total of 117 pharmaceutical preparations have been examined, including powders, dusting powders, capsules, granulates, tablets, tablets for sucking, effervescent tablets, dragees, suppositories and ointments. Both techniques have been shown to be applicable for identification of pharmaceutical preparations. A specification has been made of thermal processes which can be employed for assaying the main components of the preparations. A rough estimate of the relative errors has been given.

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Zusammenfassung Die Eignung der differentialthermoanalytischen und thermogravimetrischen Methoden zur Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung fester und weicher ArzeneiprÄparate wurde studiert. Eine Gesamtzahl von 117 pharmazeutischen PrÄparaten, einschliesslich Pulver, Streupulver, Kapseln, Granulate, Tabletten, Saugtabletten, Brausetabletten, Dragees, Suppositorien und Salben wurde untersucht. Beide Methoden erwiesen sich als anwendbar zur Identifizierung pharmazeutischer PrÄparate. Eine Spezifizierung der zur Bestimmung der Hauptkomponenten der PrÄparate geeigneten thermischen Prozesse wurde durchgeführt. Eine grobe SchÄtzung der relativen Fehler wurde gegeben.

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Résumé On a étudié l'utilité des techniques ATD et TG pour déterminer la composition des préparations pharmaceutiques solides et molles. On a soumis à l'examen un total de 117 préparations pharmaceutiques comprenant des poudres, des talcs, des capsules, des granulats, des tablettes, des tablettes à sucer, des tablettes effervescentes, des dragées, des suppositoires et des onguents. Les deux techniques se sont montrées applicables à l'identification des préparations pharmaceutiques. On a effectué une spécification des processus thermiques qui se prÊtent au dosage des composants essentiels des préparations. On a donné une évaluation approximative des erreurs relatives.

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Crystallization kinetics of polyamide 6 containing pigments

In terms of the Avrami equation, the effects of selected organic pigments on the kinetic parameters of the isothermal crystallization of coloured polyamide 6 were examined in the temperature range 468–478 K. It was found that B Blue and BB Red are active nucleating agents, which is acribed to their crystalline structure. G Orange slightly accelerates the crystallization of PA 6 at lower temperatures and concentrations, whereas in other conditions its effect is the opposite.The isothermal data were confirmed by the results of non-isothermal crystallization. The degree of supercooling corresponding to the peak of the DSC curve was the measured feature in this case.It was found that B Blue and BB Red reduce the free energy of formation of criticalsize nuclei by 20 and 12%, respectively, which is reflected in the rates of crystallization.

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Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Avrami Gleichung wurde der Einfluß einiger ausgewählter organischer Pigmente auf die kinetischen Parameter der isothermen Kristallisation gefärbter Polyamide 6 im Temperaturbereich 468–478 K untersucht. B Blue und BB Red erwiesen sich als aktive Keimbilder, was mit Hilfe ihrer kristallinen Struktur erklärt werden kann. Bei niedrigeren Temperaturen und geringeren Konzentrationen wird die Kristallisation von PA 6 durch G Orange leicht beschleunigt, unter anderen Bedingungen kann das Gegenteil beobachtet werden. Die isothermen Daten wurden durch die Ergebnisse bei nichtisothermer Kristallisation bekräftigt. In diesem Falle wurde das dem DSC Peak entsprechende Maß an Unterkühlung untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß B Blue und BB Red die freie Energie zur Bildung von Keimen kritischer Größe um 20 bzw. 12% herabsetzen, was sich in den Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeiten widerspiegelt.

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, -6 468–478 . , , . , . . . , , , 20 12%, .

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This work was supported by the Polish Academy of Science, goal 01.14.     

Mechanistic Study on the Oxidation of Promazine and Chlorpromazine by Hexaimidazolcobalt(III) in Acidic Aqueous Media

The kinetics of the oxidation of promazine and chlorpromazine by hexaimidazolcobalt(III) were studied in the presence of a large excess of cobalt(III) and H⁺ ions using u.v.–vis. spectroscopy ([Co^III] = (1–6) × 10⁻³ m, [ptz] = (2.5–10) × 10⁻⁵ m, [H⁺] = 0.05–0.8 m, I = 1.0 m (H⁺, Na⁺, Cl⁻), T = 333–353 K, l = 1 cm). In each case, the reversible reaction leads to formation of cobalt(II) species and a stable cationic radical. A linear dependence of the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k_obs) on [Co^III] with a non-zero intercept was established for both phenothiazine derivatives. A marked difference in the observed reaction rate for promazine and chlorpromazine is associated with the difference in its ability to undergo oxidation and is consistent with a trend in the redox potential changes for these reductants. The activation parameters for reactions studied were determined. Mechanistic consequences of all the results are discussed.     

Polyurethane anionomers synthesised with aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, polyoxyethylene glycol and 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid. Part II. Supermolecular structure. Thermal properties

Small angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry methods were employed to characterise the internal order of structural phases present in polyurethane coatings obtained as a result of water evaporation from anionomer dispersions. Those anionomers were produced in the reaction of aromatic, cycloaliphatic and aliphatic diisocyanates with polyoxyethylene glycol, 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid and 1,6-hexamethylenediamine. The decisive effects were found from ionic and polar structures within the rigid urethane and urea segments on the ordered arrangement degree of the supermolecular structures in the obtained anionomers. That becomes apparent in differential scanning calorimetry thermograms and contributes to improved thermal stability of the produced polyurethane coatings.     

Long-range interaction in the D and D′ states of H2

The interaction energy between two hydrogen atoms in the D and D′ ¹Π_u states of the hydrogen molecule has been calculated for large internuclear distances (12 ? R ? 25 bohr). The variational method and a very flexible trial wave-function were used. The results indicate that for the states under consideration the Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory with the multipole expansion of the interaction hamiltonian gives reliable results only for R > 25 bohr i.e. in the region where the interaction energies are practically negligible.