Multifunctional water-soluble molecular capsules based on p-phosphonic acid calix[5]arene

p-Phosphonic acid calix[5]arene forms molecular capsules in water based on two of the molecules, which can be loaded with carboplatin using intense shearing, and attached to single wall carbon nano-tubes. Spin coating of the capsules onto a substrate affords 2 nm fibres of stacked calixarenes, with the self-assembly understood using molecular modelling.     

Selective hydrogenation of ergosterol and its acetate.

Selective hydrogenation of ergosterol or its acetate in solution in different solvents over Raney nickel to give 5α-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol or its acetate can be controlled by the addition of paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and dimethylaniline, the latter 2 giving the best yield. When using pure solvents 5α-ergost-7-en-3β-ol or its acetate can be obtained in almost quantitative yield.     

Simulation of conversion profiles and temperature distributions within dimethacrylate thick material during photopolymerization

Photoinitiated polymerization of multifunctional monomers is an usual method to prepare highly crosslinked networks which have a wide variety of applications. This method leads to high reaction rates and the resulting exothermic effect of this reaction can be the cause of defects in the final material. The heterogeneities alter greatly the physical properties of ultimate products, particularly the optical ones, what causes problems in the design of thick and optically perfect materials. The knowledge of the conversion profile and the temperature distribution within the material during the photopolymerization is useful for the process optimization. Unfortunately, these parameters cannot be measured during the process. Thus, we decided to simulate them. Firstly, the necessary parameters (like conversion and reaction rate) were measured on thin material in isothermal conditions by photocalorimetry. Secondly, these kinetic data were used in a computational calculation to obtain the conversion profile and the temperature distribution within dimethacrylate thick material. The calculated temperature and conversion-time curves are in good agreement with the experimental curves determined under the same conditions.     

A local normal form theorem for infinitary logic with unary quantifiers

We prove a local normal form theorem of the Gaifman type for the infinitary logic L_∞ω( Q _u)^ω whose formulas involve arbitrary unary quantifiers but finite quantifier rank. We use a local Ehrenfeucht‐Fraïssé type game similar to the one in [9]. A consequence is that every sentence of L_∞ω( Q _u)^ω of quantifier rank n is equivalent to an infinite Boolean combination of sentences of the form (?^≥iy)ψ(y), where ψ(y) has counting quantifiers restricted to the (2^n–1 – 1)‐neighborhood of y. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)