Absolute molecular weight of polyaniline

The absolute molecular weight of polyaniline in the pernigraniline, emeraldine, and leucoemeraldine oxidation states has been measured by light scattering and the exact number of aniline repeat units determined for the first time. Using potential-time profiling to monitor the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium peroxydisulfate oxidant, all three oxidation states of polyaniline can be synthesized in one step and the evolution of polymer molecular weight monitored. The pernigraniline intermediate formed during the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline increases by 17-20% when it is converted to emeraldine, which is consistent with a two-step polymerization mechanism. These findings establish a solid experimental framework to chemically synthesize block copolymers of polyaniline by using different monomers to intercept the reaction at the pernigraniline oxidation state.     

Radiochemical studies on charge and mass distribution in medium energy fission

Present status of work on charge and mass distribution in medium energy fission of compound nuclei produced using various target projectile combinations is reviewed. Systematics of charge distribution parameters and their dependence on excitation energy of the fissioning nucleus is presented. Variation of mass distribution with excitation energy and mass and charge of the fissioning nucleus is discussed. Qualitative explanation of the data has been sought in terms of existing theories of fission. The importance of charge and mass distribution studies in identifying the different reaction mechanisms in heavy ion induced reaction is highlighted.This article is dedicated to the memory of our beloved friend and colleague Dr. Tarun Datta who passed away on April 2, 1995.     

AGGREGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LASER DYE RHODAMINE 6G IN AQUEOUS SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS

Abstract— –The role of surfactants as deaggregating agents for the laser dyes is investigated by spectrophotometry using Rhodamine 6G as a representative. A method to estimate the fraction of dye present as monomer, dimer and as a monomer-surfactant (monomer or micelle) complex is described. It is shown that among the surfactants, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, Triton X-100, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and potassium oleate, the anionic ones are the most effective in suppressing the aggregation of Rhodamine 6G. While the non-ionic surfactant is found to be effective only above its critical micellar concentration, the cationic surfactant has no effect on aggregation. The optimum concentration of SLS needed for suppression of dye-dimers is estimated.     

A systematic scheme of qualitative analysis for anions. part I

A new and comprehensive scheme for the systematic detection of anions has been put forward. This scheme is based on the precipitation of difficultly soluble salts of anions in groups by basic group reagents in sodium carbonate solution and the subsequent analysis of cach group precipitate or filtrate for the detection of individual members of the group     

Chemically selective membrane optode for Cr(VI) determination in aqueous samples

A methodology for simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Cr(VI) from aqueous samples was developed using a membrane optode formed by physical inclusion of a Cr(VI) selective chromophore 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) into a plasticized cellulose triacetate matrix. The inclusion of an anion exchanger (Aliquat-336) was found to be effective for immobilization of both DPC and Cr(VI)-DPC complex in the optode matrix itself. The proportionality in intensity of the magenta color on the optodes loaded with varying amounts of Cr(VI) suggests its potential applications for screening of Cr(VI) in aqueous samples by visual colorimetry. On loading high amounts of Cr(VI) in the membrane optode, its color changes from magenta to yellow, which indicates the possibility of using it as a threshold detector for Cr(VI). The membrane optode was optimized in terms of obtaining maximum preconcentration efficiency for Cr(VI) and subsequent stable optical response proportional to the amount of Cr(VI) in the membrane optode sample. The membrane optodes were tested for Cr(VI) determination in tap water and seawater samples. Using this optode, Cr(VI) even at levels of 13.6 ppb could be quantitatively detected. The optodes developed in the present work were found to be stable, cost effective, easy to prepare and efficient for direct preconcentration and determination of Cr(VI) in a variety of aqueous samples using spectrophotometry. However, this membrane optode is for one time use only as the reaction of Cr(VI) with DPC is irreversible.     

Synthesis of 2‐Coumarinyl and Spiroindolyl‐5‐Phenyl‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles

The 2H‐1‐benzo/naphthopyran‐2‐one‐4‐yl (un)substituted phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles has been synthesized by the oxidative cyclization of benzoic acid hydrazides formed in situ by the condensation of the respective 2H‐1‐benzo/naphthopyran‐2‐one‐4‐carboxaldehyde and (un)substituted monobenzoyl hydrazide in moderate yields. Also, spiro[indoline‐thiozolidine]‐2,4′‐diones has been syhthesized in a similar way from 3‐phenyl‐spiro[3H‐indoline‐3,2′‐thiozolidine]‐2,4′‐(1 H)dione monohydrazide and (un)substituted benzaldehydes.     

Mixing and magnetic properties of surface alloys: The role of the substrate

In this paper, we have performed ab initio density functional theory calculations to compare the miscibility and magnetic properties of two-dimensional binary surface alloys of the form M_xN_1−x (M = Fe or Co; N = Pt, Au, Ag, Cd or Pb) on two different substrates - Rh(1 1 1) and Ru(0 0 0 1). The trends in miscibility for the two substrates are found to be strikingly similar. The magnetic moments show qualitatively similar behavior, but their magnitudes differ: surface alloys on Rh(1 1 1) have larger magnetic moments than on Ru(0 0 0 1). We infer that strain plays the determining role in stabilizing these two-dimensional alloys, whereas the differences in magnetic moments can be ultimately attributed to the different number of d-electrons in Rh and Ru.