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991.
R.Kh. Zhukavin D.M. Gaponova A.V. Muravjov E.E. Orlova V.N. Shastin S.G. Pavlov H.-W. Hübers J.N. Hovenier T.O. Klaassen H. Riemann A.F.G. van der Meer 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2003,76(5):613-616
Terahertz stimulated emission of phosphorus donors in silicon optically excited by radiation from the free-electron laser
FELIX has been studied. It is found that a spectral line of the Si:P laser emission depends on pump frequency. Stimulated
emission arises on the 2p0→1s(E) intra-centre transition (21.2 meV) under resonant pumping of the 2p0 state and on the 2p0→1s(T2) transition (22.3 meV) under pumping of the 2p± or higher odd-parity donor states. The line shift is attributed to the Auger redistribution of the 1s(E)- and 1s(T2)-state populations.
Received: 7 November 2002 / Revised version: 7 April 2003 / Published online: 14 May 2003
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +49-30/6705-55-07, E-mail: sergeij.pavlov@dlr.de
RID="**"
ID="**"On leave from: The Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 相似文献
992.
van Wieringen A Carlyon RP Long CJ Wouters J 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2003,114(3):1516-1528
The pitch of stimuli was studied under conditions where place-of-excitation was held constant, and where pitch was therefore derived from "purely temporal" cues. In experiment 1, the acoustical and electrical pulse trains consisted of pulses whose amplitudes alternated between a high and a low value, and whose interpulse intervals alternated between 4 and 6 ms. The attenuated pulses occurred after the 4-ms intervals in condition A, and after the 6-ms intervals in condition B. For both normal-hearing subjects and cochlear implantees, the period of an isochronous pulse train equal in pitch to this "4-6" stimulus increased from near 6 ms at the smallest modulation depth to nearly 10 ms at the largest depth. Additionally, the modulated pulse trains in condition A were perceived as being lower in pitch than those in condition B. Data are interpreted in terms of increased refractoriness in condition A, where the larger pulses are more closely followed by the smaller ones than in condition B. Consistent with this conclusion, the A-B difference was reduced at longer interpulse intervals. These findings provide a measure of supra-threshold effects of refractoriness on pitch perception, and increase our understanding of coding of temporal information in cochlear implant speech processing schemes. 相似文献
993.
Dutz H Helbing K Krimmer J Speckner T Zeitler G Ahrens J Altieri S Annand JR Anton G Arends HJ Beck R Bock A Bradtke C Braghieri A v Drachenfels W Frommberger F Godo M Goertz S Grabmayr P Hasegawa S Hansen K Harmsen J Heid E Hillert W Holvoet H Horikawa N Iwata T Van Hoorebeke L d'Hose N Jennewein P Kiel B Klein F Kondratiev R Lang M Lannoy B Leukel R Lisin V Menze D Meyer W Michel T Naumann J Panzeri A Pedroni P Pinelli T Preobrajenski I Radtke E Reicherz G Rohlof C Rostomyan T Sauer M 《Physical review letters》2003,91(19):192001
To verify the fundamental Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule for the first time experimentally, we measured the helicity dependent total photoabsorption cross section with circularly polarized real photons and longitudinally polarized nucleons in the photon energy range 0.68-1.82 GeV with the tagged photon facility at ELSA. The experiment was carried out with a 4pi detection system, a circularly polarized tagged photon beam, and a frozen spin polarized proton target. The contribution to the GDH sum rule in this photon energy range is [49.9+/-2.4(stat)+/-2.2(syst)] microb. 相似文献
994.
van Enk SJ 《Physical review letters》2003,91(1):017902
An example is given of an interaction that produces an infinite amount of entanglement in an infinitely short time, but only a finite amount in longer times. The interaction arises from a standard Kerr nonlinearity and a 50/50 beam splitter, and the initial state is a coherent state. For certain finite interaction times multidimensional generalizations of entangled coherent states are generated, for which we construct a teleportation protocol. Similarities between probabilistic teleportation and unambiguous state discrimination are pointed out. 相似文献
995.
Zegers RG Abend H Akimune H van den Berg AM Fujimura H Fujita H Fujita Y Fujiwara M Galès S Hara K Harakeh MN Ishikawa T Kawabata T Kawase K Mibe T Nakanishi K Nakayama S Toyokawa H Uchida M Yamagata T Yamasaki K Yosoi M 《Physical review letters》2003,90(20):202501
The excitation and subsequent proton decay of the isovector spin-flip giant monopole resonance (IVSGMR) is studied via the 208Pb(3He,t) reaction at 410 MeV. In the inclusive spectrum (60+/-5)% of the non-energy-weighted sum-rule strength for this 2 variant Planck's over 2h omega resonance was found in the region 29相似文献
996.
In a discussion in spring 2001, Alexei Borodin showed us recursion relations for the Toeplitz determinants going with the
symbols e
t(z + z−1)
and \!. Borodin obtained these relations using Riemann-Hilbert methods; see the recent work of Borodin B and Baik Baik. The nature
of Borodin's recursion relations pointed towards the Toeplitz lattice and its Virasoro algebra, introduced by us in AvM1.
In this paper, we take the Toeplitz lattice and Virasoro algebra approach for a fairly large class of symbols, leading to
a systematic way of generating recursion relations. The latter are very naturally expressed in terms of the L-matrices appearing in the Toeplitz lattice equations. As a surprise, we find, compared to Borodin's, a different set of relations,
except for the 3-step relations associated with the symbol e
t(z + z−1)
. The Painlevé analysis of the Toeplitz lattice enables us to show the ``singularity confinement' for these recursion relations.
Received: 30 January 2002 / Accepted: 6 January 2003
Published online: 19 May 2003
RID="⋆"
ID="⋆" The support of a National Science Foundation grant DMS-01-00782 is gratefully acknowledged.
RID="⋆⋆"
ID="⋆⋆" The support of a National Science Foundation grant DMS-01-00782, a Nato, a FNRS and a Francqui Foundation grant is
gratefully acknowledged.
Communicated by L. Takhtajan 相似文献
997.
We study an LC circuit implemented using a current-biased Josephson junction (CBJJ) as a tunable coupler for superconducting qubits. By modulating the bias current, the junction can be tuned in and out of resonance and entangled with the qubits coupled to it. One can thus implement two-qubit operations by mediating entanglement. We consider the examples of CBJJ and charge-phase qubits. A simple recoupling scheme leads to a generalization to arbitrary qubit designs. 相似文献
998.
Klokkenburg M Lutz M Spek AL van der Maas JH van Walree CA 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2003,9(15):3544-3554
The synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of a series of cross-conjugated p-phenylenevinylidene oligomers with one to four double bonds are reported. The X-ray crystal structure of the compound with two double bonds reveals a nonplanar conformation with torsion angles about the C(phenylene)-C(vinylidene) and C(phenyl)-C(vinylidene) formal single bonds of 39.5(2) degrees and 30.5(2) degrees, respectively. Admixture of quinoid character in the ground state is observed. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy do not provide a clear picture of the degree of electron delocalization in the series, since the C=C stretching mode does not adequately reflect the C=C bond order and has a local nature. In contrast, electronic spectra and electrochemical data, as well as AM1 and PPP/SCF calculations, reveal that the cross-conjugated compounds basically behave as linearly pi-conjugated systems in the sense that molecular orbitals are delocalized over the entire structure and systematically change in energy. The electronic interaction between the repeating units is, however, not very strong, which has the consequence that spatial extension of the molecular orbitals does not lead to a red shift of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) electronic transition. This is related to the feature that the modest narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO gap with the chain length is accompanied by a relatively large reduction of electron repulsion. This finding implies that care should be taken in the use of electronic spectra for the evaluation of conjugation phenomena. 相似文献
999.
Veerman JJ Bon RS Hue BT Girones D Rutjes FP van Maarseveen JH Hiemstra H 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(11):4486-4494
Several 2-substituted and 2,5-disubstituted piperazine-3,6-diones were synthesized starting from readily available alpha-amino acids. After activation of a lactam carbonyl via introduction of a methoxycarbonyl group onto nitrogen, this carbonyl was selectively reduced. Treatment of the resulting urethane with protic acid generated the corresponding N-acyliminium ion, which was trapped by a nucleophilic C2-side chain to provide 2,6-bridged piperazine-3-ones. Several aromatic, heteroaromatic, and nonaromatic side chains were used as pi-nucleophiles. In addition, the effect of the presence of a C5-methyl group on the stereochemical outcome of the cyclization was examined. 相似文献
1000.
Renate M van WellMarlies E.A Meijer Herman S OverkleeftJacques H van Boom Gijsbert A van der Marel Mark Overhand 《Tetrahedron》2003,59(14):2423-2434
The synthesis of three methylene bridged sugar amino acids is described. Key transformations in the synthetic strategy are a CO-insertion on fully protected ribose, an aldol condensation with formaldehyde and an oxetane forming cyclisation step. A novel Leu-enkephalin analogue containing the δ-SAA 1 was prepared using standard solution phase peptide chemistry. 相似文献