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41.
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Reetz MT Torre C Eipper A Lohmer R Hermes M Brunner B Maichele A Bocola M Arand M Cronin A Genzel Y Archelas A Furstoss R 《Organic letters》2004,6(2):177-180
[reaction: see text] The epoxide hydrolase (EH) from Aspergillus niger, which shows a selectivity factor of only E = 4.6 in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution of glycidyl phenyl ether, has been subjected to directed evolution for the purpose of enhancing enantioselectivity. After only one round of error-prone polymerase chain reaction (epPCR), enantioselectivity was more than doubled (E = 10.8). The improved mutant enzyme contains three amino acid exchanges, two of which are spatially far from the catalytically active center. 相似文献
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We use computer simulations to investigate the crystallization dynamics of sedimenting hard spheres in large systems (hundreds of thousands of particles). We show that slow sedimentation results primarily in face-centered cubic (fcc) stacked crystals, instead of random hexagonal close packed or hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystals. We also find slanted stacking faults, in the fcc regions. However, we attribute the formation of fcc to the free energy difference between fcc and hcp and not to the presence of these slanted stacking faults. Although the free energy difference between hcp and fcc per particle is small (only 10(-3) times the thermal energy), it can become considerable, when multiplied by the number of particles in each domain. The ratio of fcc to hcp obtained from dynamic simulations is in excellent agreement with well-equilibrated Monte Carlo simulations, in which no slanted stacking faults were found. Our results explain a range of experiments on colloids, in which the amount of fcc increases upon lowering the sedimentation rate or decreasing the initial volume fraction. 相似文献
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W. Bertl R. Engfer E.A. Hermes G. Kurz T. Kozlowski J. Kuth G. Otter F. Rosenbaum N.M. Ryskulov A. van der Schaaf P. Wintz I. Zychor 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2006,47(2):337-346
We report on a search for μ-e conversion in muonic gold performed with the SINDRUM II spectrometer at PSI. The measurement
resulted in Γ(μ-Au→e-Aug.s.)/Γcapture(μ-Au)<7×10-13 (90% C.L.).
PACS 13.35.Bv; 13.60.-r; 36.10.-k; 36.10.Dr 相似文献
48.
M Pattabiraman G Rangarajan Kwang-Yong Choi P Lemmens G Guentherodt G Balakrishnan DMcK Paul MR Lees 《Pramana》2002,58(5-6):1013-1017
We report polarized Raman scattering in single crystals of Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3. The temperature dependence of the MnO6 octahedral bending and stretching modes observed in the XX spectra points to the existence of local lattice distortions,
possibly polarons. The XY spectra have been analyzed using a collision-dominated model, which allows the extraction of the
carrier scattering rate. 相似文献
49.
Wilfried Hermes Stefan Linsinger Ratikanta Mishra Rainer P?ttgen 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2008,30(8):1143-1149
The intermetallic cerium compounds Ce3-Pd3Bi4, CePdBi, and CePd2Zn3 were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules in an induction furnace. The compounds were characterized
by X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction: CeCo3B2 type (ordered version of CaCu5), P6/mmm, a = 538.4(4), c = 427.7(4) pm, wR2 = 0.0540, 115 F
2 values, 9 variables for CePd2Zn3 and Y3Au3Sb4 type, I
[`4]{\bar 4}
3d, a = 1005.2(2) pm, w
R2 = 0.0402, 264 F
2 values, 9 variables for Ce3Pd3Bi4, and MgAgAs type, a = 681.8(1) pm for CePdBi. The bismuthide structures are build up from three-dimensional networks of corner-sharing PdBi4 tetrahedra with Pd–Bi distances of 281 (Ce3Pd3Bi4) and 296 pm (CePdBi), respectively. The cerium atoms are located in larger voids of coordination number 12 (Ce3Pd3Bi4) and 10 (CePdBi). In CePd2Zn3 the cerium atoms fill larger channels within the three-dimensional [Pd2Zn3] network with 18 (6 Pd + 12 Zn) nearest neighbors. The three compounds contain stable trivalent cerium with experimental
magnetic moments of μeff = 2.70(2), 2.48(1), and 2.49(1) μB/Ce atom for CePd2Zn3, Ce3Pd3Bi4, and CePdBi, respectively. Susceptibility and specific heat data gave no hint for magnetic ordering down to 2.1 K. 相似文献
50.
Michael H. Huang Hermes M. Soyez Bruce S. Dunn Jeffrey I. Zink Allan Sellinger C. Jeffrey Brinker 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2008,47(3):300-310
Surfactant-templated mesostructured sol–gel films formed by evaporation induced self assembly (EISA) exhibit highly-ordered
hexagonal, lamellar, and cubic structures. The steady-state dip-coating configuration allows both the chemistry and the dynamics
of the EISA process to be traced in real time because the steps involved in the formation of the mesostructured material are
separated both spatially and temporally in the dip-coating direction. The dynamic processes occurring during film formation
can be conveniently monitored by the combination of interferometry and fluorescence spectroscopy of incorporated molecular
probes. The selected probes respond to changes in their rotational mobility and the surrounding solvent composition and report
these changes through their fluorescence characteristics. By taking in situ fluorescence spectra at various positions within
the progressively thinning film, changes in the solvent composition, onset of micelle formation and further organization to
the final mesophase structure can be followed. The luminescence of the probe molecule is measured with a spatial resolution
of 100 μm. Two categories of surfactant-templated mesostructured sol–gel films were examined. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
(CTAB) systems assemble into a 2-D hexagonal surfactant/silica mesophase with the surfactant concentration used in this study.
CTAB dodecylmethacrylate systems assemble into a lamellar mesophase, which can be further polymerized to form a poly(dodecylmethacrylate)/silica
hybrid nanocomposite that mimics nacre. X-ray diffraction patterns, transmission electron microscopy images, and other techniques
are used to characterize the final films. 相似文献