合成孔径压缩感知超声成像中的高效能稀疏字典设计

针对目前常见的稀疏字典缺乏针对性,在合成孔径医学超声成像中的应用效果不佳,难以在低压缩率下保证重构图像质量的问题,本文设计了一种高效能的稀疏字典。根据超声回波信号是由发射脉冲信号经过不同延时衰减后叠加的特点,利用发射脉冲作为基函数构造稀疏字典,回波信号在该稀疏字典确定的变换域中具备很好的稀疏性,理论上能使其稀疏表示系数的稀疏度等于超声阵元接收到的反射回波数。通过FieldⅡ对简单点目标和复杂目标的仿真结果表明:在相同的重构算法和压缩率下该稀疏字典重构的平均绝对误差明显小于常见的稀疏字典,其值仅为DWT的几分之一,DFT和DCT的几十分之一,能让回波信号以更低的压缩率实现相同的恢复效果。本文最后使用体模的实际采集数据对算法的实际效果进行检测,实验结果也与仿真结果基本一致。基于该稀疏字典的压缩感知算法可以进一步减少合成孔径成像所需存储的数据量、降低系统的复杂度。     

Layered lithium-rich oxide nanoparticles: low-temperature synthesis in mixed molten salt and excellent performance as cathode of lithium-ion battery

Layered lithium-rich oxide, 0.5Li₂MnO₃·0.5LiMn_1/3Ni_1/3Co_1/3O₂, is synthesized in a mixed molten salt of KCl and LiCl under 750 °C. Its morphology and structure are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm, and its performances as cathode of lithium-ion battery are investigated by charge–discharge test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with a comparison of the samples synthesized via solid-state reaction. It is found that the resulting product consists of uniform nanoparticles, 50 nm in average, which possesses a well crystallite layered structure although its synthesis temperature is low and thus exhibits excellent cyclic stability and rate capability. The resulting product delivers an initial discharge capacity of 268 mAh g^?1 at 0.1 C and has a capacity retention of 82% after 100 cycles at 1 C, compared to the 243 mAh g^?1 and 73% for the sample synthesized by solid-state reaction under 900 °C.     

基于耦合Duffing振子的局部放电信号检测方法研究

以双向环形耦合Duffing振子系统为对象, 研究脉冲信号激励下耦合振子间动力学行为变化特征时, 发现其与单向环形耦合Duffing振子系统类似, 在一定的参数条件下, 脉冲信号能引起其中一个振子与其他振子运动轨迹间出现短暂失同步的现象即瞬态同步突变现象. 基于这种现象, 提出了一种微弱脉冲信号检测的新方法, 用于检测强噪声背景中的局部放电脉冲信号. 实验测试表明, 利用本文方法对不同放电电极的局部放电脉冲信号进行检测时, 在低信噪比条件下可取得良好的检测效果, 进而扩展了现有的Duffing振子对非周期信号的检测范围及应用领域. 关键词： 耦合Duffing 振子 微弱信号检测 瞬态同步突变 局部放电脉冲信号     

亚波长金属光栅的衍射辐射特性研究

分析了亚波长金属光栅的双边衍射辐射机制和特性.利用运动电子激励亚波长光栅结构,研究了其产生的双边衍射辐射.通过三维粒子模拟软件仿真,得到了光栅上下空间的电场空间分布,结合结构辐射布里渊图,证明了亚波长对称光栅上下半空间的衍射辐射场分布同样可以由Smith-Purcell辐射公式来解释,即主要有电子运动速度和光栅周期决定,并分别研究了缝隙宽度、光栅厚度对上下半空间衍射辐射的影响.为进一步研究下半空间的衍射辐射场,采用了非对称的光栅结构,研究表明非对称光栅下半空间衍射辐射场不仅取决于电子运动速度和结构下表面的周期,同时也与电子运动激励起的上半空间的辐射频率范围密切相关.     

PbO对YAG∶Ce3+发光性能的影响

在YAG∶Ce3+荧光粉中加入黄色PbO,得到YAG∶Ce3+,Pb2+荧光粉。比较了PbO掺入前后荧光粉的发射光谱,结果表明:PbO的加入可以使Ce3+的黄光发射发生红移,增加了光谱的红光成分;同时,Ce3+的发射强度也有所增加,形貌表明PbO可能起助熔作用,在PbO的含量为5%时,强度增加10%。比较YAG∶Ce3+,Pb2+和YAG∶Ce3+的温度特性曲线,证明YAG∶Ce3+,Pb2+荧光粉的温度特性好于YAG∶Ce3+荧光粉。     

CdS/TiO2/漂珠复合光催化剂制备及其降解高效氯氰菊酯研究

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了Cds/TiO2/漂珠复合光催化剂,通过SEM,XRD对其结构进行了表征.以高效氯氰菊酯(BEC)杀虫剂的光催化降解为模型反应,研究了CdS/TiO2/漂珠的光催化性能,探讨了影响催化剂活性的因素及采用太阳光作光源处理BEC的可行性.结果表明,CdS/TiO2/漂珠投加量为3 000mg·L-1,初始浓度为45 mg·L-1、初始pH为6.5,通气量为200 mL·min-1时间为60 min,BEC降解率分别为92.1%(125W高压汞灯)和79.3%(5 W紫外灯),采用太阳光照射300 min,BEC降解率可达93.4%.BEC的降解反应遵从L-H动力学模型,测得反应速率常数9.80 mg·(L·min)-1,吸附常数4.36×10-3 L·mg-1.     

光注入提高半导体激光器混沌载波发射机的带宽

外光反馈下的半导体激光器可视为混沌载波发射机.数值研究发现，外部强光注入可以显著提高混沌载波发射机的带宽，带宽提高的程度在一定范围内与注入光的强度成正比.当外部光注入系数k_inj=0.39时，混沌载波的带宽由无光注入时的2.7GHz增大到14.5GHz，提高了5倍多.研究还发现，在相同的注入强度条件下，当注入光的频率比半导体激光器的中心频率高2—4GHz时，可实现最大限度的带宽增强.此外，适当提高半导体激光器的偏置电流也可以在一定程度上提高其产生的混沌载波的带宽. 关键词： 半导体激光器 混沌 带宽     

Fiber bragg gratings made with a phase mask and 800-nm femtosecond radiation

High-quality retroreflecting fiber Bragg gratings were written in standard Ge-doped telecom fiber (Corning SMF-28) after a few minutes exposure with pulsed 800-nm, 120-fs laser radiation by use of a deep-etch silica zero-order nulled phase mask optimized for 800 nm. Induced index modulations of 1.9 x 10(-3) were achieved with peak power intensities of 1.2 x 10(13) W/cm2 without any fiber sensitization. The fiber gratings are stable and did not erase after 2 weeks at 300 degrees C. The primary mechanism of induced index change results from a structural modification to the fiber core.     

Electronic control of spin alignment in pi-conjugated molecular magnets

Intramolecular spin alignment in pi-conjugated molecules is studied theoretically in a model of a Peierls-Hubbard chain coupled with two localized spins. By means of the exact diagonalization technique, we demonstrate that a spin singlet (S=0) to quartet (S=3/2) transition can be induced by electronic doping, depending on the chain length, the positions of the localized spins, and the sign of the electron-spin coupling. The calculated results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of spin alignment recently observed in a diradical donor molecule.