Characterization and frequency measurement of a new far infrared laser line from CHin2Fin2

We present the discovery and frequency measurement of a new FIR laser line from CH₂F₂ optically pumped by a waveguide CO₂ laser. This new line has the same CO₂ laser pump line (9R32), offset (+5 MHz) and relative polarization of the strongest FIR laser line of CH₂F₂, namely the 184.3μm. The frequency is only 19,454 MHz apart from that of this line. We got a frequency measurement of 1,646,196.6 (10) MHz, which corresponds to a wavelength of 182.112 μm.     

Magnetic Pd nanocatalyst Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@Pd for C–C bond formation and hydrogenation reactions

Small core-shell Fe₃O₄@Pd superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were obtained with good control in size and shape distribution by metal-complex thermal decomposition in organic media. The role of the stabilizer in the synthesis of MNPs was studied, employing oleylamine (OA), triphenylphosphine (TPP) and triphenylamine (TPA). The results revealed that, among the stabilizer investigated, the presence of oleylamine in the reaction media is crucial in order to obtain an uniform shell of Pd(0) in Fe₃O₄@Pd MNPs of 7?±?1 nm. The synthesized core-shell MNPs were tested in Pd-catalyzed Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions and p-chloronitrobenzene hydrogenation. High conversion, good reaction yields, and good TOF values were achieved in the three reaction systems with this nanocatalyst. The core-shell nanoparticle was easily recovered by a simple magnetic separation using a neodymium commercial magnet, which allowed performing up to four cycles of reuse.

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High efficiency cw far infrared lasers at 119 μm and 127 μm

The optically pumped FIR laser lines at 119 m from CH₃OH and at 127 m from¹³CD₃OH are known to be the most powerful in the far infrared spectral region. We report on efficiency measurements for our waveguide laser system. The effect of various parameters was investigated, resulting in the highest efficiency ever reported for the 119 m line. The Stark effect and others parameters of the 127 m were measured, and a new¹³CD₃OH laser line at 175 m discovered, with the same pump transition. These measurements are helpful for completing the assignment already proposed for the 127 m line.     

Spatial energy estimates in dynamical problems for a semi-infinite piezoelectric beam

The behaviour of the total energy for a semi-infinite piezoelectricbeam, with uniform or variable cross-section, in dynamical conditionsis investigated. Precisely, we obtain some estimates in termsof the data for the energy of the portion of the body at distancegreater than z from the base and for its norm in L¹(0,t) (wheret is an arbitrary positive time). We obtain some estimates whichdepend on the initial data if t z/V (where V is a computablepositive material constant); if t > z/V, by using also theKorn inequality, we show that the bounds depend on all the data.Under mild hypotheses on the initial data we derive the asymptoticbehaviour of the energy as z +. All possible combinations ofboundary conditions are examined and the kind of the estimateis formally the same for all the problems whether the beam isa cylinder or not.     

Optical pumping of caesium in the presence of heavy noble gases

The relaxation of optically pumped Cs in the presence of Ar, Kr and Xe has been studied as a function of the applied magnetic field. Evidence of formation of metastable complexes between Cs atoms and the noble gas atoms has been obtained in all three cases. The case of Cs-Kr has been investigated in detail, obtaining a qualitative agreement with the theory of Pottier. In addition, new values of the diffusion coefficient of Cs in Kr and of the relaxation cross section for the observable 〈S · I〉 are reported.     

An Investigation of the N-Arylsulfonylation of 2-Azetidinones

N-Arylsulfonylation of 2-azetidinones can lead to the diastereoselective formation of oligomerization products. However, a simple increase of arylsulfonyl chloride concentration minimized oligomerization and allowed preparation of 1-arylsulfonyl-2-azetidinones in good yield.