A modified procedure for synthesis of the side chain of ceftazidime-activated thioester

A modified procedure for synthesis of the side chain of ceftazidime-activated thioester has been established. This key intermediate of ceftazidime was obtained by a more eco-friendly process than conventional methods, and the yield was much higher (up to 92.4 %). It was found that different organic bases (triethylamine or pyridine) used in this reaction had different effects. The reaction conditions were also optimized to make the route more competitive and suitable for large-scale industrial production.     

Spectroscopic fingerprints of valence and spin states in manganese oxides and fluorides

We performed a systematic study of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in various manganese oxides and fluorides. Both Mn L-edges and ligand (O and F) K-edges are presented and compared with each other. Despite the distinct crystal structure and covalent/ionic nature in different systems, the Mn-L spectra fingerprint the Mn valence and spin states through spectral lineshape and energy position consistently and evidently. The clear O- and F-K pre-edge features in our high resolution spectra enable a quantitative definition of the molecular orbital diagram with different Mn valence. In addition, while the binding energy difference of the O-1s core electrons leads to a small shift of the O-K leading edges between trivalent and quadrivalent manganese oxides, a significant edge shift, with an order of magnitude larger in energy, was found between divalent and trivalent compounds, which is attributed to the spin exchange stabilization of half-filled 3d system. This shift is much enhanced in the ionic fluoride system. This work provides the spectroscopic foundation for further studies of complicated Mn compounds.     

Multireference calculations on low-lying states and the X~3 Π_u -~3 Π_g absorption spectra of indium dimers

Multireference configuration interaction calculations are carried out on 11 Λ-S low-lying electronic states of indium dimers. The states are investigated with spin-orbit pseudopotentials via the state-interacting method, and characterized by fitted spectroscopic constants based on computed potential energy curves. The vibrational structures of the double-potential well 0+g (I) ( 3 Σ g ) state are also analyzed. The experimentally observed absorption spectrum centred at ～ 13000cm-1 is simulated and assigned to X 3 Πu (v=0)-3Πg transition according to the present ab initio calculations on transition energies and dipole moment functions.     

Substrate-controlled and highly stereoselective synthesis of 2-aminobut-2-ene-1, 4-diones

2-Methylthio-substituted 1,4-enediones, obtained from readily available aryl methyl ketones, were reacted with primary or secondary amines to afford the desired 1,4-diaryl-2-aminobut-2-ene-1,4-diones in excellent yields with high Z/E-stereoselectivity.     

An environmentally benign benzylic oxidation catalyzed by hypervalent iodine intermediate in water

An effective and environmentally benign benzylic oxidation for transition of alkylarenes into the corresponding carbonyl compounds was reported.Alkylarenes were mixed and stirred with potassium bromide,m-chloroperbenzoic acid and a catalytic amount of iodobenzene in water at 60 8C for several hours,a series of the corresponding carbonyl compounds was obtained in moderate to good yields.In the reaction,iodobenzene was first oxidized by m-chloroperbenzoic acid into the hypervalent iodine intermediate which then reacted with potassium bromide to form the key radical initiator for the benzylic oxidation.     

Sorption equilibria of CO2 on silica-gels in the presence of water

The sorption equilibria of carbon dioxide on three types of silica gel (SG) with different pore size distributions in the presence of water were studied experimentally using a volumetric method at 275?K with pressures from 0 to 3.7?MPa. Both the pore size distribution of the silica gel and the quantity of pre-sorbed water impact the formation of the CO₂ hydrates. For wet silicon gel A(SG-A) with water loading ratio of 0.75, the highest CO₂ sorption was about 2.5?mmol of CO₂ per gram of dry sorbent at 275?K. Similarly, the highest sorption was about 2.7?mmol for wet SG-B with R _w =0.81. However, CO₂ hydrate did not form on the wet surface of SG-C due to its large pore sizes.     

New heterogeneous catalytic systems based on highly porous ceramic materials modified with immobilized d-metal cage complexes for H2 production from CH4

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