基于近红外特征光谱的番茄苗氮含量快速测定方法研究

为了提高近红外光谱技术快速测定番茄苗氮含量的准确度和稳健性,比较分析竞争自适应重加权采样法(CARS)、蒙特卡罗无信息变量消除法(MCUVE)、向后间隔偏最小二乘法(BiPLS )和组合间隔偏最小二乘法(SiPLS)四种特征波长挑选方法,筛选与番茄苗氮含量相关的特征光谱。在十种不同氮素处理水平下(尿素溶液浓度0～120 mg·L-1),培育60株番茄苗样本(每个处理6株),使其分别处于不同程度的过量氮素、氮素适度、缺氮素和无氮素状态。分别采集每株番茄苗样本的叶片,扫描其12 500～3 600 cm-1波段的近红外光谱。比较四种方法所建立的番茄苗氮素定量分析模型可知：CARS和MCUVE挑选的特征变量所建定标模型的性能比BiPLS和SiPLS挑选的特征变量所建定标模型的性能更优,但是预测性能远低于后者。其中,基于BiPLS建立的番茄苗氮素含量预测模型性能最佳,相关系数(r)、预测均方根误差(RMSEP)和性能对标准差之比(RDP)分别为0.952 7,0.118 3和3.291 0。因此,近红外光谱技术结合特征谱区筛选可以有效地提高番茄苗叶片氮素含量的定量分析模型指标,使模型更实用化。但是,特征波长挑选方法不具有普适性。基于单个波长变量筛选的方法所建立的模型较为敏感,更适用于样本状态较为均匀的待测对象;而基于波长区间筛选的方法所建的模型相对抗干扰性更强,更适用于样品状态不均匀,重现性较差的待测对象。因此,特征光谱筛选只有与样本状态及建模指标结合,才能使其在建模过程中发挥更好的作用。     

基于神经网络的叶绿素含量精细测量建模方法研究

活体植物叶片叶绿素含量SPAD值易受叶片厚度、水分等影响,提出了基于多参数神经网络建模的叶绿素含量精细反演方法。通过测量叶片在中心波长分别为650,940和1 450 nm光照射下的透过率,获得叶片的SPAD值和水分指数WI(water index),同时用数字螺旋测微仪测量相应的叶片厚度并用分光光度法测得其叶绿素含量。利用建模集样本分别建立SPAD值与实测叶绿素含量之间的单参数模型和基于BP神经网络的WI、厚度及SPAD值与实测叶绿素含量之间的非线性模型。利用这两种模型分别计算获得验证集样本的叶绿素含量预测值,对预测值和实测值进行了相关分析和相对误差的分析。实验以340个三种不同植物叶片为样本,用以上方法进行了分析。结果表明,利用BP神经网络建模后,每种植物样本的叶绿素含量预测精度都有不同程度的提高,尤其对于叶片厚度值较大的样本,效果更为明显。数据显示所有混合样本平均相对误差绝对值由单参数模型的7.55%降低到5.22%,实测值与预测值的拟合决定系数由0.83提高到0.93。验证了利用多参数BP神经网络模型可以有效地提高活体植物叶绿素含量预测精度的可行性。     

3种圆孔衍射的两种计算方法研究

根据菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分公式,给出点源、平面光以及高斯光束照射圆孔衍射的一种数值计算方法,借鉴相关方法推导了这3种圆孔衍射的菲涅耳衍射及其特殊情况下夫琅禾费衍射的解析计算式,并利用Matlab软件模拟了它们傍轴区的衍射场。模拟实验表明:这两种计算方法对这3种常见且重要的圆孔衍射都是有效可行的。     

改变光子晶体表面结构对负折射透射光强的影响

以砷化镓圆形介质柱在空气中构成二维六边形排列结构的光子晶体为例,利用时域有限差分法模拟研究了光子晶体表面结构改变对负折射透射光强的影响.模拟结果表明:针对同一结构光子晶体,在可产生负折射现象的入射光频率范围,改变光子晶体表面两侧圆形介质柱的半径和顺向侧移两侧表面最外层圆形介质柱都会均对负折射透射光强产生影响.     

The design of electromagnetic acoustic experimental platform and the study on radiated sound field by its probe

Electromagnetic acoustic testing technology has aroused extensive concern in the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing due to its advantages of non-contact with the test specimen, couplant free and good signal reproducibility. This article summarizes the related re- search work of our group in recent years and mainly introduces the two parts on electromagnetic acoustic experimental platform and radiated sound field by its probe in detail.     

等光强分布的折平板反射聚光系统的实验研究

基于平板玻璃镜反射聚光获得等光强分布的方法,提出了折平板反射聚光太阳能系统的设计方案。推导了平行光聚光公式,可在给定接收截面宽度、倾角和安装高度时,给出一定聚光比所需的反射板数量、宽度、倾角及坐标位置;建立了CCD法测量能流密度分布的测试平台以及聚光光伏实验装置,并对折平板聚光系统进行了实验研究。结果表明,折平板玻璃镜聚光系统可以得到较为均匀的辐射能流密度,并且系统的发电效率也较高。     

Study of low momentum track reconstruction for the BESⅢ main drift chamber

In order to overcome the difficulty brought by the circling charged tracks with transverse momentum less than 120 MeV in the BESⅢ Main Drift Chamber （MDC）, a specialized method called TCurlFinder was developed. This tracking method focuses on the charged track reconstruction under 120 MeV and possesses a special mechanism to reject background noise hits. The performance of the package has been carefully checked and tuned by both Monte Carlo data and real data. The study shows that this tracking method could obviously enhance the reconstruction efficiency in the low transverse momentum region, providing physics analysis with more and reliable data.     

Secondary electron time detector for mass measurements at CSRe

The Isochronous Mass Spectrometry is a high accurate mass spectrometer. A secondary electrons time detector has been developed and used for mass measurements. Secondary electrons from a thin carbon foil are accelerated by an electric field and deffected 180° by a magnetic field onto a micro-channel plate. The time detector has been tested with alpha particles and a time resolution of 197 ps (FWHM) was obtained in the laboratory. A mass resolution around 8×10-6 for m/m was achieved by using this time detector in a pilot mass measurement experiment.     

Measurement of the total reaction cross section for the mirror nuclei ~(12)N and ~(12)B

The mirror nuclei ~(12)N and ~(12)B are separated by the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL)at HIRFL from the breakup of 78.6 MeV/u ~(14)N on a Be target. The total reaction cross-sections of ~(12)N at 34.9 MeV/u and ~(12)B at 54.4 MeV/u on a Si target have been measured by using the transmission method.Assuming ~(12)N consists of a ~(11)C core plus one halo proton, the excitation function of ~(12)N and ~(12)B on a Si target and a C target were calculated with the Glauber model. It can fit the experimental data very well. The characteristic halo structure for ~(12)N was found with a large diffusion of the protons density distribution.     

High pt and photon physics with ALICE at LHC

ALICE,A Large Ion Collider Experiment,is dedicated to study the QCD matter at extreme high temperature and density to understand the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) and phase transition.High-transversemomentum photons and neutral mesons from the initial hard scattering of partons can be measured with ALICE calorimeters,PHOS (PHOton Spectrometer) and EMCAL (ElectroMagnetic CALorimeter).Combing the additional central tracking detectors,the γ-jet and π 0-jet measurements thus can be accessed.These measurements offer us a sensitive tomography probe of the hot-dense medium generated in the heavy ion collisions.In this paper,high p T and photon physics is discussed and the ALICE calorimeters capabilities of high-transverse-momentum neutral mesons and γ-jet measurements are presented.