Study on anti-emission materials for non-emitting grid applications in microwave power tubes

Hafnium and platinum were deposited onto molybdenum grids by ion-beam assisted deposition method. Electron-emission characteristics from molybdenum grids with Hf and Pt films, which were contaminated by active electron-emission substances (Ba, BaO) of the cathode, were measured using analogous diode method. The surfaces of grids were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that the reaction between BaO and Hf formed BaHfO₃ compound, which greatly reduced the accumulation of BaO on the surface and accordingly decreased grid emission. In contrast, Ba were formed by the decomposition of BaO on the surface of Pt film under high temperature and re-evaporated from its surface, which reduced the active electron-emission substances on the surface of the grid and effectively restrained grid emission. Their mechanisms for grid-emission suppression are discussed and a good method to develop new grid-coating materials is suggested.     

Polymerization of butadiene on nanoparticles’ surfaces and formation of metal/polymer nanocomposites

In this paper, we demonstrate that laser vaporization of metals in the presence of a small concentration of butadiene vapor leads to the polymerization of butadiene and incorporation of the metal nanoparticles within the polymer matrix. The metal nanocomposites are characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and EDX. The results from high pressure mass spectrometry indicate that multiple additions of butadiene molecules on the metal cations Fe⁺, Ni⁺ and Pt⁺, generated by laser vaporization, take place at room temperature thus providing an efficient means of initiating further polymerization reactions. The Pt⁺ reactions show extensive fragmentations and elimination steps generating hydrocarbon ions. The laser vaporization/polymerization method provides the ability to encapsulate several different metals or metal oxides which undoubtedly will play a significant role in tuning the various properties of the polymer composites.     

Transformation and shift of a Gaussian light beam upon reflection from a resonant medium

The specific features of the transformation and shift of a Gaussian beam reflected from a resonant absorbing medium are analyzed numerically. The study is based on the expansion of the field of the incident Gaussian beam into plane-wave components by using the Fourier integral transform. The calculations are performed for a frequency range covering the resonance region. The conditions for the splitting of the profile of the reflected beam and for its negative shift are established.     

Nanoscale surface of carbon nanotube fibers for medical applications: Structure and chemistry revealed by TOF-SIMS analysis

Surface structure and related chemistry understanding is a vital element in the design of high biocompatible materials since adsorption and adhesion of biological components are involved. These features are even more important in the case of nanostructured materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fibers. In our preliminary work we synthesised CNTs based fibers for medical applications. This new hybrid system combines polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with CNTs and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), a biodegradable copolymer. The surface properties of this material are investigated in order to guarantee a biocompatible response. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was found to be an ideal tool for fiber characterisation owing to its capacity to provide chemical specificity combined with detection limits beyond the reach of techniques previously used. Complementary morphological information is provided by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The corroboration of both data enables us to define the chemistry and structure of this new formulation.     

Converged properties of clean metal surfaces by all-electron first-principles calculations

All-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave calculations of the surface energy, work function, and interlayer spacings of close-packed metal surfaces are presented, in particular, for the free-electron-like metal surfaces, Mg(0 0 0 1) and Al(1 1 1), and for the transition metal surfaces, Ti(0 0 0 1), Cu(1 1 1), Pd(1 1 1), and Pt(1 1 1). We investigate the convergence of the surface energy as a function of the number of layers in the slab, using the Cu(1 1 1) surface as an example. The results show that the surface energy, as obtained using total energies of the slab and bulk from separate calculations, converges well with respect to the number of layers in the slab. Obviously, it is necessary that bulk and surface calculations are performed with the same high accuracy. Furthermore, we discuss the performance of the local-density and generalized gradient approximations for the exchange-correlation functional in describing the various surface properties.     

About the focal mechanism of Friuli earthquake occurred on May 6, 1976

Summary We are going to present the focal-mechanism solution of Fruili earthquake occurred on May 6, 1976, as it results from the analysis, on original seismograms, of the polarities of initial longitudinal waves obtained in 92 seismic stations. The polarities so obtained have been reported on the projection which represents the surface of the Earth and the solution has been drawn, directly, from the study of the resulting distribution, by establishing through Gr?fe's theory the two couples of forces considered as the sources of the seism at the focus. At last, a comparison has been carried out with the solution already obtained by other authors.

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Riassunto Si presenta la soluzione del meccanismo focale del terremoto del Fruili del 6/5/1976 ottenuta dallo studio, sui sismogrammi originali, della polarità delle onde longitudinali iniziali, quale si è presentata in 92 stazioni sismiche vicine e lontane. Le polarità ottenute sono state riportate sulla superficie della Terra e la soluzione è stata ricavata direttamente dallo studio della distribuzione così ottenuta, definendo mediante la teoria di Gr?fe le due coppie di forze che hanno agito all'ipocentro. Un confronto è stato infine eseguito con le soluzioni in precedenza ottenute da altri autori.

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Резюме Предлагается решение фокального механизма землетрясения, имевшего место в Фриули 6 мая 1976 г. Решение есть результат анализа исходных сейсмограмм, которые получены на 92 сейсмнческих, удаленнынных и близких. Полученные пояьрности представлены в проекции на поверхность Земли. Решение получено непосредственно из исследования результируюшего распределения, которое следует из теории Грефа для для двух пар сил, представляюших источники землетрясения в фокусе. В заключение проводится сравнение с решением, полученным ранее другими авторами.

     

How to find the Lax pair from the Yang-Baxter equation

We show explicitly how to construct the quantum Lax pair from the Yang-Baxter equation. We demonstrate the new method by applying it to the Heisenberg XYZ model.Supported by DOE contract DE-FG02-88ER25053