全文获取类型
收费全文 | 794514篇 |
免费 | 7636篇 |
国内免费 | 2235篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 411698篇 |
晶体学 | 11300篇 |
力学 | 38371篇 |
综合类 | 26篇 |
数学 | 105216篇 |
物理学 | 237774篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 7052篇 |
2020年 | 7666篇 |
2019年 | 8577篇 |
2018年 | 11193篇 |
2017年 | 11161篇 |
2016年 | 16317篇 |
2015年 | 9583篇 |
2014年 | 15298篇 |
2013年 | 35808篇 |
2012年 | 27619篇 |
2011年 | 33345篇 |
2010年 | 24297篇 |
2009年 | 24062篇 |
2008年 | 31260篇 |
2007年 | 30995篇 |
2006年 | 28638篇 |
2005年 | 25610篇 |
2004年 | 23740篇 |
2003年 | 21151篇 |
2002年 | 20935篇 |
2001年 | 22660篇 |
2000年 | 17507篇 |
1999年 | 13675篇 |
1998年 | 11574篇 |
1997年 | 11280篇 |
1996年 | 10802篇 |
1995年 | 9775篇 |
1994年 | 9692篇 |
1993年 | 9361篇 |
1992年 | 10126篇 |
1991年 | 10484篇 |
1990年 | 10149篇 |
1989年 | 9815篇 |
1988年 | 9678篇 |
1987年 | 9517篇 |
1986年 | 9042篇 |
1985年 | 11691篇 |
1984年 | 12087篇 |
1983年 | 9923篇 |
1982年 | 10302篇 |
1981年 | 9897篇 |
1980年 | 9298篇 |
1979年 | 9996篇 |
1978年 | 10300篇 |
1977年 | 10177篇 |
1976年 | 10066篇 |
1975年 | 9547篇 |
1974年 | 9417篇 |
1973年 | 9590篇 |
1972年 | 6914篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Padavattan Govindaswamy Patrick J. Carroll Yurij A. Mozharivskyj Mohan Rao Kollipara 《Journal of Chemical Sciences》2006,118(4):319-326
The reaction of [{(η5-C5Me5)M(μ-Cl)Cl}2] {where M = Rh (1), Ir (2)} with functionalized phosphine viz., diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine (PPh2Py) in dichloromethane solvent yield neutral ϰ1-P-coordinated rhodium and iridium complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(κ1-P-PPh2Py)]3 and [(η5-C5Me5) IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4. Reaction of complexes 1 and 2 with the ligand PPh2Py in methanol under reflux give bis-substituted complexes such as [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)2]+
5 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)2]+
6, whereas stirring in methanol at room temperature gives P-, N-chelating complexes of the type [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+ 7 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+
8. Neutral ϰ1-P-coordinated complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]3 and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4 easily undergo conversion to the cationic P-, N-chelating complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl(ϰ2-P-N-PPh2Py)]+
7 and [(η5-C5Me5) IrCl(ϰ2-P, N-PPh2Py)]+
8 on stirring in methanol at room temperature. These complexes are characterized by FT-IR and FT-NMR spectroscopy as well as
analytical methods. The molecular structures of the representative complexes [(η5-C5Me5)RhCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]3, [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2(ϰ1-P-PPh2Py)]4 and hexafluorophosphate salt of complex [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl(ϰ2-P-PPh2Py)2]+
6 are established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods 相似文献
12.
The European Physical Journal E - The isothermal gas adsorption of two hexane isomers (n-hexane and cyclohexane) in the mesopores of MCM-41 silica have been investigated by small angle neutron... 相似文献
13.
A. Foussats C. Repetto O. P. Zandron O. S. Zandron 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2002,41(6):1053-1082
In order to describe the dynamics of the t–J model, two different families of first-order Lagrangians in terms of the generators of the Hubbard algebra are found. Such families correspond to different dynamical second-class constrained systems. The quantization is carried out by using the path-integral formalism. In this context the introduction of proper ghost fields is needed to render the model renormalizable. In each case the standard Feynman diagrammatics is obtained and the renormalized physical quantities are computed and analyzed. In the first case a nonperturbative large-N expansion is considered with the purpose of studying the generalized Hubbard model describing N-fold-degenerate correlated bands. In this case the 1/N correction to the renormalized boson propagator is computed. In the second case the perturbative Lagrangian formalism is developed and it is shown how propagators and vertices can be renormalized to each order. In particular, the renormalized ferromagnetic magnon propagator coming from our formalism is studied in details. As an example the thermal softening of the magnon frequency is computed. The antiferromagnetic case is also analyzed, and the results are confronted with previous one obtained by means of the spin-polaron theories. 相似文献
14.
Experimental data on the effect of thallium and sodium impurities on the lattice heat conductivity of PbTe at room temperature
are reported. Because the lattice of lead chalcogenides is strongly polarized near charged impurities, the effect of impurities
on the lattice heat conductivity depends substantially on their charge state. This property of the material has been used
to determine the charge state of the thallium impurity in PbTe. The results obtained argue for a model of quasi-local thallium-impurity
states which assumes low electron-correlation energy at an impurity center.
Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1206–1208 (July 1998) 相似文献
15.
Yu. A. Sharin 《Russian Physics Journal》1998,41(5):447-450
Ideas previously enunciated by the author about the physical interpretation of curvilinear space with torsion are developed.
With the new equations describing the eigenstates of such a space, the static centrosymmetric solution for gravitational and
electric fields can be made consistent with the Newton and Coulomb laws. The asymptotic behavior of the axisymmetric solution
at infinity is studied. The gyromagnetic ratio obtained is characteristic of the electron.
Ural State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, p. 56–60, May, 1998. 相似文献
16.
A. N. Grishkov 《Algebra and Logic》1998,37(5):294-306
Ordinary cohomologies in an algebra most often exhibit themselves either as objects that describe extensions (of algebras,
groups, or modules) or as subjects hindering the existence of algebraic constructions. We introduce the notion of nonlinear
cohomologies at a level of cochain complexes, furnish particular examples for Lie algebras, and give an interpretation of
first nonlinear cohomologies in terms of “quasiextensions” of orthogonal modules.
Translated fromAlgebra i Logika, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 522–541, September–October, 1998. 相似文献
17.
M. Georgelin A. Pocheau 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,4(2):169-174
The polycrystalline perovskitelike manganese oxides La1-xAxMnO (A = Na, and K, ) have been fabricated by sol-gel technique. For all the compositions explored in this work, the average manganese oxidation
state is practically constant, at for A = Na, and for A = K, respectively. A close relationship is confirmed to hold between the Curie temperature (Tc) and the bond distance of Mn-O. Results of magnetic measurements show that these materials can be utilized as suitable candidates
for magnetic refrigerants with wide applied temperature span, for their significant entropy change and the easily tuned Curie
temperature.
Received: 12 September 1997 / Revised: 18 December 1997 / Accepted: 21 January 1998 相似文献
18.
We investigate theoretically the effects of optical absorption and saturation of the non-linear index of refraction on the
bistability of non-linear distributed feedback structures (NLDFBs). By assuming that the Kerr non-linearity saturates in an
exponential fashion, we obtain for the first time closed-form expressions for the so-called self-phase and cross-phase modulation
terms. Our investigation shows that both absorption and, in particular, saturation significantly affect the bistable properties
of this structure and in many cases eliminate this response completely. In some cases, however, saturation alters the NLDFB's
transfer characteristics in a potentially useful manner. We find that weak levels of saturation may increase the contrast
ratio between the intensities of the high and low bistable states. At increasing levels of saturation, where bistability is
no longer observed, we find regimes where the NLDFB structure could possibly be used for optical amplification.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
E. Jackiewicz M. Lukasiak M. Kopcewicz K. Szpila N. Bakun-Czubarow 《Hyperfine Interactions》1992,70(1-4):993-996
Terrestrial basalt rocks considered to be a good analogues of the Martian regolith were studied by using the Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The weathering of basalts was followed by the changes of the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio. The basalt rock undergoes alteration from primary mineral composition (olivine+pyroxene+plagioclase) through smectite to kaolinite clay with oxides and hydroxides with the increase of the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio. 相似文献
20.
An optimal control model of exhaustible resources is used to clarify the long run relationship between mineral rent and depletion cost at the industry level. A standard first order condition of the time rate of change of rents is reformulated to reveal that rent data may be used to help forecast the rise in extraction costs resulting from resource depletion. This application of the theory of exhaustible resources is illustrated using historical mineral industry rent and extraction cost data. A forecast of U.S. coal extraction costs, following the method proposed in this paper, suggests that future rates of extraction cost increases will be similar to rates experienced in the past. 相似文献