全文获取类型
收费全文 | 746940篇 |
免费 | 23581篇 |
国内免费 | 11676篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 402095篇 |
晶体学 | 11030篇 |
力学 | 36472篇 |
综合类 | 552篇 |
数学 | 96799篇 |
物理学 | 235249篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 7104篇 |
2021年 | 8628篇 |
2020年 | 9479篇 |
2019年 | 9858篇 |
2018年 | 16565篇 |
2017年 | 16835篇 |
2016年 | 18960篇 |
2015年 | 12440篇 |
2014年 | 16981篇 |
2013年 | 34512篇 |
2012年 | 32064篇 |
2011年 | 42311篇 |
2010年 | 28528篇 |
2009年 | 28106篇 |
2008年 | 35902篇 |
2007年 | 37529篇 |
2006年 | 26030篇 |
2005年 | 27600篇 |
2004年 | 22687篇 |
2003年 | 20170篇 |
2002年 | 18303篇 |
2001年 | 19046篇 |
2000年 | 14870篇 |
1999年 | 12247篇 |
1998年 | 10225篇 |
1997年 | 9859篇 |
1996年 | 9863篇 |
1995年 | 8683篇 |
1994年 | 8525篇 |
1993年 | 7883篇 |
1992年 | 8846篇 |
1991年 | 8806篇 |
1990年 | 8276篇 |
1989年 | 7917篇 |
1988年 | 7922篇 |
1987年 | 7680篇 |
1986年 | 7288篇 |
1985年 | 9342篇 |
1984年 | 9424篇 |
1983年 | 7502篇 |
1982年 | 7629篇 |
1981年 | 7617篇 |
1980年 | 7011篇 |
1979年 | 7627篇 |
1978年 | 7794篇 |
1977年 | 7698篇 |
1976年 | 7535篇 |
1975年 | 6914篇 |
1974年 | 6873篇 |
1973年 | 6860篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
91.
Gang Wang Xiulin Zhu Zhenping Cheng Jian Zhu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(9):2912-2921
A series of (di)picolinic acids and their derivates are investigated as novel complexing tridentate or bidentate ligands in the iron‐mediated reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in N,N‐dimethylformamide at 100 °C with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrontrile as an initiator. The polymerization rates and polydispersity indices (1.32–1.8) of the resulting polymers are dependent on the structures of the ligands employed. Different iron complexes may be involved in iron‐mediated reverse atom transfer radical polymerization, depending on the type of acid used. 1H NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of the resulting polymers. Chain‐extension reactions have been performed to further confirm the living nature of this catalytic system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2912–2921, 2006 相似文献
92.
Aidan Mooney John G. Keating Daniel M. Heffernan 《Chaos, solitons, and fractals》2006,30(5):1088-1097
A digital watermark is a visible, or preferably invisible, identification code that is permanently embedded in digital media, to prove owner authentication and provide protection for documents. Given the interest in watermark generation using chaotic functions a detailed study of one chaotic function for this purpose is performed. In this paper, we present an approach for the generation of watermarks using the logistic map. Using this function, in conjunction with seed management, it is possible to generate chaotic sequences that may be used to create highpass or lowpass digital watermarks. In this paper we provide a detailed study on the generation of optically detectable watermarks and we provide some guidelines on successful chaotic watermark generation using the logistic map, and show using a recently published scheme, how care must be taken in the selection of the function seed. 相似文献
93.
M. Brokate D. Rachinskii 《NoDEA : Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications》2006,13(4):385-411
The paper is concerned with the study of plasticity models described by differential equations with stop and play operators.
We suggest sufficient conditions for the global stability of a unique periodic solution for the scalar models and for the
vector models with biaxial inputs of a particular form, namely the sum of a uniaxial function and a constant term. For another
class of simple biaxial inputs, we present an example of the existence of unstable periodic solutions.
The paper was written during the research stay of D. Rachinskii at the Technical University Munich supported by the research
fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. His work was partially supported by the Russian Science Support Foundation, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 01-01-00146, 03-01-00258), and the Grants of the President of Russia (Grant No. MD-87.2003.01, NS-1532.2003.1). The support is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
94.
Qipeng Guo Fei Chen Ke Wang Ling Chen 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2006,44(21):3042-3052
An amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PEO–PDMS) diblock copolymer was used to template a bisphenol A type epoxy resin (ER); nanostructured thermoset blends of ER and PEO–PDMS were prepared with 4,4′‐methylenedianiline (MDA) as the curing agent. The phase behavior, crystallization, hydrogen‐bonding interactions, and nanoscale structures were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The uncured ER was miscible with the poly(ethylene oxide) block of PEO–PDMS, and the uncured blends were not macroscopically phase‐separated. Macroscopic phase separation took place in the MDA‐cured ER/PEO–PDMS blends containing 60–80 wt % PEO–PDMS diblock copolymer. However, the composition‐dependent nanostructures were formed in the cured blends with 10–50 wt % PEO–PDMS, which did not show macroscopic phase separation. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) microdomains with sizes of 10–20 nm were dispersed in a continuous ER‐rich phase; the average distance between the neighboring microdomains was in the range of 20–50 nm. The miscibility between the cured ER and the poly(ethylene oxide) block of PEO–PDMS was ascribed to the favorable hydrogen‐bonding interaction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3042–3052, 2006 相似文献
95.
96.
J. M. Rubi 《Journal of statistical physics》2006,123(2):497-498
97.
M. A. H. Dempster 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2006,133(4):1422-1444
This paper gives a comprehensive treatment of EVPI-based sequential importance sampling algorithms for dynamic (multistage)
stochastic programming problems. Both theory and computational algorithms are discussed. Under general assumptions it is shown
that both an expected value of perfect information (EVPI) process and the corresponding marginal EVPI process (the supremum
norm of the conditional expectation of its generalized derivative) are nonanticipative nonnegative supermartingales. These
processes are used as importance criteria in the class of sampling algorithms treated in the paper. When their values are
negligible at a node of the current sample problem scenario tree, scenarios descending from the node are replaced by a single
scenario at the next iteration. On the other hand, high values lead to increasing the number of scenarios descending from
the node. Both the small sample and asymptotic properties of the sample problem estimates arising from the algorithms are
established, and the former are evaluated numerically in the context of a financial planning problem. Finally, current and
future research is described. Bibliography: 49 titles.
__________
Published in Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 312, 2004, pp. 94–129. 相似文献
98.
In this paper we study root system generalizations of the quantum Bose-gas on the circle with pair-wise delta-function interactions.
The underlying symmetry structures are shown to be governed by the associated graded algebra of Cherednik's (suitably filtered)
degenerate double affine Hecke algebra, acting by Dunkl-type differential-reflection operators. We use Gutkin's generalization
of the equivalence between the impenetrable Bose-gas and the free Fermi-gas to derive the Bethe ansatz equations and the Bethe
ansatz eigenfunctions. 相似文献
99.
The quantitative rainbow schlieren deflectometry (RSD) technique was applied to measure temperature and oxygen concentration in an axisymmetric hydrogen gas-jet diffusion flame burning in quiescent air at fuel jet exit Reynolds number of 70. Schlieren measurements were compared with conventional measurements using a thermocouple and a gas-sampling probe. Good agreement between the two measurement techniques was achieved on the fuel-lean side of the flame. 相似文献
100.
David K Bisset 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2002,39(10):961-977
Turbulent flow simulation methods based on finite differences are attractive for their simplicity, flexibility and efficiency, but not always for accuracy or stability. This paper demonstrates that a good compromise is possible with the advected grid explicit (AGE) method. Starting from the same initial field as a previous spectral DNS, AGE method simulations of a planar turbulent wake were carried out as DNS, and then at three levels of reduced resolution. The latter cases were in a sense large‐eddy simulations (LES), although no specific sub‐grid‐scale model was used. Results for the two DNS methods, including variances and power spectra, were very similar, but the AGE simulation required much less computational effort. Small‐scale information was lost in the reduced resolution runs, but large‐scale mean and instantaneous properties were reproduced quite well, with further large reductions in computational effort. Quality of results becomes more sensitive to the value chosen for one of the AGE method parameters as resolution is reduced, from which it is inferred that the numerical stability procedure controlled by the parameter is acting in part as a sub‐grid‐scale model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献