Construction of a Lyapunov function on a model computer with a large-block mode

The article is devoted to the construction of computer software for computing a Lyapunov function satisfying a certain special partial differential equation. The program is written for M-222.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 58, pp. 121–129, 1976.     

Radiofrequency-discharge plasma treatment of heavy ion-irradiated poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

The effects of treatment in a radiofrequency (RF) discharge plasma on the rate of chemical etching of the tracks made by xenon ions (with an energy of ~1 MeV/nucleon) in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETP) films were investigated. The influence of plasma treatment conditions on the structure and properties of nuclear track membranes formed by etching was studied. It was found that the RF plasma treatment of heavy ion-bombarded PETP films leads to a decrease in etchability of both tracks and the starting polymer matrix. The changes in track and matrix etchability due to crosslinking of the polymer surface layer were shown to be responsible for the asymmetry of the track membrane structure.     

Structure and electrochemical properties of polymeric composite membranes with a selective layer

The structure and electrochemical properties of polyethylene terephthalate track-etched membranes were studied. The membranes were covered with a solution of a styrene-butylmethacrylate copolymer on one side. The formation of a selective layer of copolymer in the pores of the starting membranes led to composite membranes characterized by asymmetric conductivity in electrolyte solutions—a rectification effect similar to the p-n transition in semiconductors. The asymmetry resulted from a considerable decrease in the pore diameter in the deposited copolymer layer, changing the pore geometry, and was also due to the existence of an interface in the pores between the starting membrane and the copolymer layer, having different levels of hydrophilicity.     

Effect of Laser and Thermal Annealing on Optical and Structural Properties of Amorphous Metal Alloys

The results of ellipsometric measurements of rough and annealed amorphous alloys of 3d-transition metals (Fe, Ni, and Co) with metalloids are presented. Composition of alloys, directions of steady-state bonds between their compounds, and frequencies of the Auger electron transitions are determined by the methods of Auger spectroscopy and from the Raman spectra. Frequencies of metal-metalloid oscillations are determined and strains arising in nanoregions of the crystalline phase are obtained. Different characters of thermal and laser actions on the optical properties of alloys are established, and changes in the optical properties caused by these actions are compared.     

On search and identification of tracks due to short-lived SHE nuclei in extraterrestrial crystals

The unique approach for search and unambiguous identification of short-lived (T_1/2=10³–10⁷ years) superheavy nuclei in cosmic-ray products of the recent nucleosynthesis in our Galaxy are discussed.It is based on: (a) the ability of non-conducting crystals to register and to store for many million years the tracks due to fast nuclei with atomic number Z20 (“fossil” tracks);(b) calibrations of the said crystals with accelerated heavy ions (20Z92) and on revealing the volume etchable track length (VETL) of the fast nuclei coming to rest inside crystals—both of fossil and “fresh” tracks—to determine the charge distribution of cosmic-ray nuclei tracks and(c) the so-called “four-zone” model of tracks in crystals (and also glasses) which provides not only the VETL track length dependence for 20Z92 nuclei but also demonstrates the regular annealing behavior of VETL of 20Z92 nuclei in a broad temperature interval.This approach was first applied in the early 1980s to investigate the “fossil” tracks due to 22Z92 cosmic-ray nuclei in olivine crystals from meteorites-pallasite Marjalahti and Eagle Station.The discovery of Th–U cosmic-ray nuclei tracks in 1980 was unambiguously confirmed by calibrations of the same crystals with ²³⁸U, ¹⁹⁷Au and ²⁰⁸Pb accelerated ions in the late 1980s. More than 1600 tracks due to cosmic-ray actinide nuclei were measured during the last two decades of the 20th century.Also, 11 anomalously long tracks (track length exceeds by a factor (1.6±0.1) the track length due to Th–U nuclei were measured. The detailed analysis shows that at least 5 of these tracks could not be attributed to the Th–U nuclei. It means that now we have a preliminary proof on the existence Z110 nuclei in cosmic-rays. The abundance is Z110/Th–U=(1–3)×10⁻³ in Z110 freshly formed cosmic-rays (time interval 10³–10⁷ years).The method proposed can provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for the discovery of Z110 nuclei in nature.