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21.
Radioanalytical techniques are used in this work to investigate the extraction behaviour with TBP of rhodium (III) chloride
solutions to which a large excess of iodide is added. Extraction yields and distribution coefficients are determined as a
function of HClO4 or H2SO4 content in the aqueous phase. Rhodium-stripping from the organic phase with ammonia solutions is also tested. 相似文献
22.
Nikolaos C. Papandreou Stella Makedonopoulou Ekaterini A. Antoniadou‐Vyza Irene M. Mavridis Stavros J. Hamodrakas 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2002,58(12):o730-o732
The title salt, C18H22N5+·Cl?, is a member of a new series of lipophilic 4,6‐diamino spiro‐s‐triazines which are potent inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase. The protonated triazine ring deviates from planarity, whereas the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation. A rather unusual hydrogen‐bonding scheme exists in the crystal. There is a centrosymmetric arrangement involving two amino groups and two triazine ring N atoms, with graph‐set R(8) and an N?N distance of 3.098 (3) Å, flanked by two additional R(8) systems, involving two amino groups, a triazine ring N atom and a Cl? anion, with N?Cl distances in the range 3.179 (2)–3.278 (2) Å. Furthermore, the Cl? anion, the protonated triazine ring N atom and an amino group form a hydrogen‐bonding system with graph‐set R(6). 相似文献
23.
Stella M. Zabala R.M. Torres Sanchez 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(7):957-968
The movement of water originated by the spreading of two surfactants was analyzed in glass beads as well as on soil systems, both of particles of nonuniform size The higher difference of surface tension produced in the system by 1 -hexadecanol compared to that of 1-tetradecanol led therefore to a higher amount of water moved. Decreased proportion of the smaller sized particles in glass beads system produced a decrease in the total water moved by both surfactants. Organic matter acted in soil as a second surfactant in glass beads. This effect was compared in glass beads systems once 1-hexadecanol was evenly distributed among the particles as continuous film, which played a role alike that of organic matter in soil and then a second surfactant 1-tetradecanol was added. These additional surfactant effect diminished the difference between initial and final surface tension (surface tension depression) of the system and so the total water moved. The soil organic matter (1.7%) modified the water movement curve in the presence of low (0.2g) content of 1-hexadecanol, whereas for high content of either alcohol (0.4g) or low content of 1-tetradecanol content (0.2g) the water movement curves were the same 相似文献
24.
Electrospinning of poly(lactic acid): Theoretical approach for the solvent selection to produce defect‐free nanofibers
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Raffaella Casasola Noreen L. Thomas Stella Georgiadou 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2016,54(15):1483-1498
In this study an integrated methodology was proposed for the selection of solvent systems to produce electrospinnable solutions that form defect‐free poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fibers with narrow diameter distributions. The solvent systems were chosen using a thermodynamic approach, combined with electrical and rheological property criteria. More specifically, the three step methodology includes (1) initial choice of solvent by solubility evaluation to meet thermodynamic criteria, (2) electrical properties, that is, conductivity and dielectric constant adjustment by using solvent mixtures to meet electrical property criteria, and (3) critical entanglement concentration (Ce) determination by viscosity measurements, supported by elastic and plastic moduli measurements, followed by concentration adjustment to meet rheological criteria. All three criteria need to be met to ensure defect‐free nanofiber morphology. The methodology was demonstrated using PLA solutions that were characterized in terms of thermodynamic properties, conductivity, surface tension, and viscosity measurements. These data were analyzed and related to the nanofiber morphology and diameter as determined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Measurements of the elastic (G′) and the plastic (G″) moduli of PLA solutions showed a sharp increase of G′ at the chain entanglement concentration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1483–1498 相似文献
25.
The Sequential dialkylation of dimethylaminoacetonitrile with first methallylchloride and then prenylbromide is performed at room temperature using K2CO3 in DMF. Subsequent hudrolysis and isomerisation offord artemisia ketone in 77% overall yield. 相似文献
26.
The reaction of chloroacetyl chloride and triethylamine with a chiral imine derived from the combination of methyl glyoxylate and protected L-threonine gave two optically active α-amino acid derivatives with a cis-substituted β-lactam skeleton in a 72:28 ratio. The major product is obtained in 59% yield by simple crystallisation. 相似文献
27.
Mercury film plated on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MF/MWNTs/GCE) was used for the analysis of single (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA, as well as for Jurkat genomic DNAs methylated to different degrees. The results indicated that the DNA molecules adsorbed quite strongly on the MF/MWNTs/GCE surface allowing ex situ adsorption and produce well developed peaks (due to cytosine and adenine) by using adsorptive stripping (Ads, ex situ) square wave voltammetry (SWV). Also, SWV of Jurkat DNA mixtures methylated to different degrees revealed a linear decrease of the peak height with increasing methylation indicating an increase of structural rigidity. 相似文献
28.
Marie Kjærgaard Bjørk Kirsten Wiese Simonsen David Wederkinck Andersen Petur Weihe Dalsgaard Stella Rögn Sigurðardóttir Kristian Linnet Brian Schou Rasmussen 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(8):2607-2617
An efficient method for analyzing illegal and medicinal drugs in whole blood using fully automated sample preparation and short ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) run time is presented. A selection of 31 drugs, including amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, and benzodiazepines, was used. In order to increase the efficiency of routine analysis, a robotic system based on automated liquid handling and capable of handling all unit operation for sample preparation was built on a Freedom Evo 200 platform with several add-ons from Tecan and third-party vendors. Solid-phase extraction was performed using Strata X-C plates. Extraction time for 96 samples was less than 3 h. Chromatography was performed using an ACQUITY UPLC system (Waters Corporation, Milford, USA). Analytes were separated on a 100 mm?×?2.1 mm, 1.7 μm Acquity UPLC CSH C18 column using a 6.5 min 0.1 % ammonia (25 %) in water/0.1 % ammonia (25 %) in methanol gradient and quantified by MS/MS (Waters Quattro Premier XE) in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Full validation, including linearity, precision and trueness, matrix effect, ion suppression/enhancement of co-eluting analytes, recovery, and specificity, was performed. The method was employed successfully in the laboratory and used for routine analysis of forensic material. In combination with tetrahydrocannabinol analysis, the method covered 96 % of cases involving driving under the influence of drugs. The manual labor involved in preparing blood samples, solvents, etc., was reduced to a half an hour per batch. The automated sample preparation setup also minimized human exposure to hazardous materials, provided highly improved ergonomics, and eliminated manual pipetting. Figure
Robotic setup for fully automated solid-phase extraction of whole blood 相似文献
29.
Portable chemiluminescence multiplex biosensor for quantitative detection of three B19 DNA genotypes
Mara Mirasoli Francesca Bonvicini Luisa Stella Dolci Martina Zangheri Giorgio Gallinella Aldo Roda 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(2-3):1139-1143
A miniaturized multiplex biosensor exploiting a microfluidic oligonucleotide array and chemiluminescence (CL) lensless imaging detection has been developed for parvovirus B19 genotyping. The portable device consists of a reaction chip, comprising a glass slide arrayed with three B19 genotype-specific probes and coupled with a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic layer, and a charge-coupled device camera modified for lensless CL imaging. Immobilized probes were used in DNA hybridization reactions with biotin-labeled targets, and then hybrids were measured by means of an avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate and CL detection. All hybridization assay procedures have been optimized to be performed at room temperature through the microfluidic elements of the reaction chip, with sample and reagents delivery via capillary force exploiting adsorbent pads to drive fluids along the microchannels. The biosensor enabled multiplex detection of all B19 genotypes, with detectability down to 80 pmol?L?1 for all B19 genotype oligonucleotides and 650 pmol?L?1 for the amplified product of B19 genotype 1, which is comparable with that obtained in traditional PCR-ELISA formats and with notably shorter assay time (30 min vs. 2 h). The specificity of the assay has been evaluated by performing DNA–DNA hybridization reactions among sequences with different degrees of homology, and no cross hybridizations among B19 genotypes have been observed. The clinical applicability has been demonstrated by assaying amplified products obtained from B19 reference serum samples, with results completely consistent with the reference PCR-ELISA method. The next crucial step will be integration in the biosensor of a miniaturized PCR system for DNA amplification and for heat treatment of amplified products. Figure
A portable multiplex biosensor was developed for detection and genotyping of parvovirus B19 DNA, exploiting lensless CL imaging. The reaction chip is composed of a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic layer coupled with a glass slide on which oligonucleotide probes specific for three different B19 genotypes are covalently immobilized in a 3?×?3 array. The reaction chip was used in hybridization reactions with biotin-labeled targets and then hybrids were then detected by means of an avidin-HRP conjugate, upon addition of a CL substrate for HRP 相似文献
30.
2D difference gel electrophoresis reference map of a Fusarium graminearum nivalenol producing strain
Matias Pasquali Tommaso Serchi Jenny Renaut Lucien Hoffmann Torsten Bohn 《Electrophoresis》2013,34(4):505-509
Fusarium graminearum is widely studied as a model for toxin production among plant pathogenic fungi. A 2D DIGE reference map for the nivalenol‐producing strain 453 was established. Based on a whole protein extract, all reproducible spots were systematically picked and analyzed by MALDI‐TOF/TOF, leading to the identification of 1102 protein species. The obtained map contributes to the annotation of the genome by identifying previously nondescribed hypothetical proteins and will serve as a reference for future studies aiming at deciphering F. graminearum biology and chemotype diversity. 相似文献