Electrodeposition of CuInSe2 (CIS) via electrochemical atomic layer deposition (E-ALD)

The growth of stoichiometric CuInSe(2) (CIS) on Au substrates using electrochemical atomic layer deposition (E-ALD) is reported here. Parameters for a ternary E-ALD cycle were investigated and included potentials, step sequence, solution compositions and timing. CIS was also grown by combining cycles for two binary compounds, InSe and Cu(2)Se, using a superlattice sequence. The formation, composition, and crystal structure of each are discussed. Stoichiometric CIS samples were formed using the superlattice sequence by performing 25 periods, each consisting of 3 cycles of InSe and 1 cycle of Cu(2)Se. The deposits were grown using 0.14, -0.7, and -0.65 V for Cu, In, and Se precursor solutions, respectively. XRD patterns displayed peaks consistent with the chalcopyrite phase of CIS, for the as-deposited samples, with the (112) reflection as the most prominent. AFM images of deposits suggested conformal deposition, when compared with corresponding image of the Au on glass substrate.     

Speckle photography: mixed domain fractional Fourier motion detection

A reflection-based optical implementation of two simultaneous scale-invariant fractional Fourier transforms (FRTs) is used to develop a novel compact speckle photographic system. The system allows the independent determination of both surface tilting and in-plane translational motion from two sequential mixed domain images captured using a single camera.     

Synthesis of well-defined all-acrylic graft copolymers

Well defined all-acrylic graft copolymers have been synthesized using the macromonomer technique. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) macromonomers of controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution have been synthesized by group transfer polymerization (GTP) using a protected hydroxyl functional initiator. These macromonomers were quantitatively functionalized with a polymerizable acrylic and group and copolymerized under free radical conditions with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2EHA) to form the desired well defined graft copolymers in high yields. The macromonomers and the copolymers have been characterized by a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic and thermal analysis methods. Transparent, multiphase materials with glass transition temperature (Tg) values of approximately -65 °C and 115 °C were obtained. The reaction conditions necessary to generate these materials most effectively have also been investigated and are described herein.