The Ultra-Quasi-Metrically Injective Hull of a T 0-Ultra-Quasi-Metric Space

Jointly with E. Kemajou, in previous work we constructed the so-called Isbell-hull of a T ₀-quasi-metric space. In this article we continue these investigations by presenting a similar construction in the category of T ₀-ultra-quasi-metric spaces and contracting maps. Comparable studies in the area of ultra-metric spaces have been conducted before by Bayod and Martínez-Maurica.     

Understanding the Buoy Effect of Surface-Enriched Pt Complexes in Ionic Liquids: A Combined ARXPS and Pendant Drop Study**

Recently, we demonstrated that Pt catalyst complexes dissolved in the ionic liquid (IL) [C₄C₁Im][PF₆] can be deliberately enriched at the IL surface by introducing perfluorinated substituents, which act like buoys dragging the metal complex towards the surface. Herein, we extend our previous angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) studies at complex concentrations between 30 and 5 %_mol down to 1 %_mol and present complementary surface tension pendant drop (PD) measurements under ultraclean vacuum conditions. This combination allows for connecting the microscopic information on the IL/gas interface derived from ARXPS with the macroscopic property surface tension. The surface enrichment of the Pt complexes is found to be most pronounced at 1 %_mol. It also displays a strong temperature dependence, which was not observed for 5 %_mol and above, where the surface is already saturated with the complex. The surface enrichment deduced from ARXPS is also reflected by the pronounced decrease in surface tension with increasing concentration of the catalyst. We furthermore observe by ARXPS and PD a much stronger surface affinity of the buoy-complex as compared to the free ligands in solution. Our results are highly interesting for an optimum design of IL-based catalyst systems with large contact areas to the surrounding reactant/product phase, such as in supported IL phase (SILP) catalysis.     

Protein analysis of laser capture micro-dissected tissues revealed cell-type specific biological functions in developing barley grains

Both the nucellar projection (NP) and endosperm transfer cells (ETC) of the developing barley grain (harvested 8 days after flowering) were isolated by laser capture micro-dissection combined with pressure catapulting. Protein extracts were analyzed by nanoUPLC separation combined with ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. The majority of the ～160 proteins identified were involved in translation, protein synthesis, or protein destination. The NP proteome was enriched for stress defense molecules, while proteins involved in assimilate transport and the mobilization of nutrients were common to both the NP and the ETC. The combined qualitative and quantitative protein profiling allowed for the identification of several proteins showing tissue specificity in their expression, which underlines the distinct biological functions of these two tissues within the developing barley grain.     

Generalized symmetric planes

In this paper we relate the theory of stable planes to the theory of generalized symmetric spaces in the sense of differential geometry where the symmetries may be of arbitrary order. This leads to the notion of a generalized symmetric plane. We assign to every generalized symmetric plane an associated infinitesimal model and show that the associated infinitesimal model essentially determines a generalized symmetric plane up to global isomorphism. In particular, every generalized symmetric plane with an abelian group of transvections is a topological translation plane.     

Parallel solution-phase synthesis of a 2-aminothiazole library including fully automated work-up

A straightforward and effective procedure for the solution phase preparation of a 2-aminothiazole combinatorial library is described. Reaction, work-up and isolation of the title compounds as free bases was accomplished in a fully automated fashion using the Chemspeed ASW 2000 automated synthesizer. The compounds were obtained in good yields and excellent purities without any further purification procedure.     

Operator geometric stable laws

Operator geometric stable laws are the weak limits of operator normed and centered geometric random sums of independent, identically distributed random vectors. They generalize operator stable laws and geometric stable laws. In this work we characterize operator geometric stable distributions, their divisibility and domains of attraction, and present their application to finance. Operator geometric stable laws are useful for modeling financial portfolios where the cumulative price change vectors are sums of a random number of small random shocks with heavy tails, and each component has a different tail index.