湍流边界层激励下高速列车车窗参数研究*

高速列车运行过程中,由于结构表面的不平整性产生的湍流边界层激励（TBL）对车厢内部的声场环境产生了一定的影响。采用非相关壁面平面波技术（UWPWs）将随机激励（TBL）转化为一组壁面平面波,利用该激励模型模拟获取了TBL激励下高速列车车窗表面的壁面压力,并将其加载到车窗有限元结构上构建了TBL激励下高速列车车窗模型。分别调查了空腔厚度、双侧玻璃厚度比以及空腔阻尼损耗因子三个参数对车窗声振特性的影响。结果表明：当空腔厚度为20mm,双侧玻璃厚度比为9:5,空腔阻尼损耗因子为0.05时,分别为各自参数下调查工况中的最优解。基于参数调查的结果对车窗结构进行了优化,优化后车窗结构的速度级响应在分析频段内较之前有了显著的削弱,辐射声功率级整体下降了2.8dB。     

Adversarial Multiscale Feature Learning Framework for Overlapping Chromosome Segmentation

Chromosome karyotype analysis is of great clinical importance in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Since manual analysis is highly time and effort consuming, computer-assisted automatic chromosome karyotype analysis based on images is routinely used to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the analysis. However, the strip-shaped chromosomes easily overlap each other when imaged, significantly affecting the accuracy of the subsequent analysis and hindering the development of chromosome analysis instruments. In this paper, we present an adversarial, multiscale feature learning framework to improve the accuracy and adaptability of overlapping chromosome segmentation. We first adopt the nested U-shaped network with dense skip connections as the generator to explore the optimal representation of the chromosome images by exploiting multiscale features. Then we use the conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) to generate images similar to the original ones; the training stability of the network is enhanced by applying the least-square GAN objective. Finally, we replace the common cross-entropy loss with the advanced Lovász-Softmax loss to improve the model’s optimization and accelerate the model’s convergence. Comparing with the established algorithms, the performance of our framework is proven superior by using public datasets in eight evaluation criteria, showing its great potential in overlapping chromosome segmentation.     

Rational Design of Cancer‐Targeted Benzoselenadiazole by RGD Peptide Functionalization for Cancer Theranostics

A cancer‐targeted conjugate of the selenadiazole derivative BSeC (benzo[1,2,5] selenadiazole‐5‐carboxylic acid) with RGD peptide as targeting molecule and PEI (polyethylenimine) as a linker is rationally designed and synthesized in the present study. The results show that RGD‐PEI‐BSeC forms nanoparticles in aqueous solution with a core–shell nanostructure and high stability under physiological conditions. This rational design effectively enhances the selective cellular uptake and cellular retention of BSeC in human glioma cells, and increases its selectivity between cancer and normal cells. The nanoparticles enter the cells through receptor‐mediated endocytosis via clathrin‐mediated and nystatin‐dependent lipid raft‐mediated pathways. Internalized nanoparticles trigger glioma cell apoptosis by activation of ROS‐mediated p53 phosphorylation. Therefore, this study provides a strategy for the rational design of selenium‐containing cancer‐targeted theranostics.

     

高温高压下B4C合成金刚石的研究

 压力为5.7~6.0 GPa及1 370~1 500 ℃温度范围内，B₄C在Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅系统中，高压相变为金刚石。合成的金刚石为深黑色，含硼量大于1wt%。粒度为20 μm左右，晶形多为立方体与八面体的各种聚形。反应后的金属触媒中，存在Ni₂B等硼化物；非金属残留物中，存在B₁₃C₂等高硼碳化物。     

高含硼金刚石合成的原子分子过程及其特点的初步探讨

在５．８ＧＰａ和１４８０℃条件下，首次用Ｂ４Ｃ作碳源，通过触媒合金（Ｎｉ７０Ｍｎ２５ＣＯ５及Ｆｅ５５Ｎｉ２９ＣＯ１６）的作用，合成出粒度为２０～２５μｍ，含硼量高于１ｗｔ％的黑色金刚石，晶体中存在大量针形体。最近艹勾清泉教授提出了这种金刚石形成的原子分子过程模型。用模型预言可能形成具有某些优异特性的针形硼皮及硼氮皮金刚石     

B4C与合金触媒体系合成金刚石的反应机理探讨

在总结由Ｂ４Ｃ加合金触媒体系中合成金刚石的有关实验的基础上，从Ｂ４Ｃ和合金触媒的结构入手，探讨了其形成金刚石的宏观（化学反应）和微观（原子分子）的机理过程，为Ｂ４Ｃ合成金刚石的继续研究提供了一个有益的尝试。     

合成人造金刚石的高压腔内电阻率变化研究

 通过时人造金刚石合成腔内材料电阻率变化的某些宏观规律研究，分析了在不同高温高压条件下，合成腔内所发生的相变过程。本文采用的研究方法，表明了对封闭的高温高压腔内所发生的反应从外部进行动态连续观测的可能性与价值，为研究人造金刚石成核、生长的规律提供了较好的手段。     

A Breathing Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization: Fully Oxygen‐Tolerant Polymerization Inspired by Aerobic Respiration of Cells

The first well‐controlled aqueous atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conducted in the open air is reported. This air‐tolerant ATRP was enabled by the continuous conversion of oxygen to carbon dioxide catalyzed by glucose oxidase (GOx), in the presence of glucose and sodium pyruvate as sequential sacrificial substrates. Controlled polymerization using initiators for continuous activator regeneration (ICAR) ATRP of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA, M_n=500) yielded polymers with low dispersity (1.09≤?≤1.29) and molecular weights (MWs) close to theoretical values in the presence of pyruvate. Without added pyruvates, lower MWs were observed due to generation of new chains by H₂O₂ formed by reaction of O₂ with GOx. Successful chain extension of POEOMA₅₀₀ macroinitiator with OEOMA₃₀₀ (?≤1.3) and Bovine Serum Albumin bioconjugates (?≤1.22) confirmed a well‐controlled polymerization. The reactions in the open air in larger scale (25 mL) were also successful.     

浮选富集—原子吸收光谱法同时测定水中铜铅镉银

研究了浮选技术在富集水中铜铅镉银的应用,将这一技术与火焰原子吸收光谱法相结合,提高了灵敏度,操作简便.方法检出浓度铜为lμg·L~(-1),铅为10μg·L~(-1),镉为0.5μg·L~(-1),银为0.5μg·L~(-1),相对标准偏差和回收率均很满意.     

拉伸应变对Bi2223/Ag带材Ic不均匀性的影响

研究了Bi2223/Ag带材的Ic和n值沿带长方向的不均匀性在拉伸应变下的变化。结果表明,Ic和n值的大小并不是逐点一一对应的;当应变小于不可逆拉伸应变时,Ic随应变增加缓慢下降,n值随应变增加缓慢下降并有小幅震荡;Ic的均匀度随应变增加基本上没有变化,n值的均匀度随应变增加变好并有小幅振荡,而且变化范围很小。