Optical switching based on the manipulation of microparticles in a colloidal liquid using strong scattering force

This paper demonstrates the realization of an optical switch by optically manipulating a large number of polystyrene spheres contained in a capillary.The strong scattering force exerted on polystyrene spheres with a large diameter of 4.3 μm is employed to realize the switching operation.A transparent window is opened for the signal light when the polystyrene spheres originally located at the beam centre are driven out of the beam region by the strong scattering force induced by the control light.The switching dynamics under different incident powers is investigated and compared with that observed in the optical switch based on the formation of optical matter.It is found that a large extinction ratio of ～ 30 dB and fast switching-on and switching-off times can be achieved in this type of switch.     

Highly efficient excitation of LP_(01) mode in ring-core fibers by tapering for optimizing OAM generation

We have demonstrated the highly efficient excitation of the linearly polarized mode(LP01)in ring-core fibers(RCFs)by tapering the spliced point between the RCF and the standard single-mode fiber(SMF)to optimize all-fiber orbital angular momentum(OAM)generation.The tapering technique has been investigated theoretically and experimentally.Before tapering,only 50%of light can be coupled from SMFs to RCFs.The modal interference spectrum with an extinction ratio(ER)of～9 dB is observed,showing that higher-order modes are excited in RCF.By tapering the spliced point,90%of light is coupled,and the ER is minimized to be～2 dB,indicating that the higher-order modes are effectively suppressed by tapering.Such tapered spliced points of RCF–SMF are further applied for all-fiber OAM generation.The efficiencies of OAM+1 and OAM?1 generation are found to be enhanced by approximately 11.66%and 12.41%,respectively,showing that the tapered spliced point of the RCF–SMF is a feasible way to optimize OAM generation.     

阴离子-π复合物(I-·C6F6)的成键分析

最近Anst?ter, et al. 发表了对阴离子-π复合物(I^-·C₆F₆)的第一个定量谱学测量[J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 6132 (2019)],认为成键作用中相关作用占41%,静电作用占23%,得出相关作用占主导的结论. 本研究表明,该文献的“静电作用”中混入了Pauli排斥作用,后者在数值上抵消了前者的作用. 在复合物I^-·C₆F₆中,发现静电作用是相关作用的两倍多,因而阴离子-π复合物中仍应是静电作用占主导.     

VEGA: visual comparison of phylogenetic trees for evolutionary genome analysis (ChinaVis 2019)

In the field of evolutionary genome analysis, biologists seek to identify important genes or chromosome regions by comparing phylogenetic trees and analyzing the mutation at which locus might affect phenotypic traits. Unfortunately, the tree comparison and accompanying analysis are often performed manually. In this paper, we characterize the workflow of evolutionary genome analysis and present a task analysis for the fundamental questions asked by biologists during the analysis procedure. We propose two algorithms to enable quantitative tree comparison. One is to measure the differences between corresponding leaf nodes on two trees, and the other is to compute the classification inconsistency of each leaf node by comparing tree structure with a given biological classification. Configuring with the obtained difference and inconsistency, we present a visual analysis system, visual comparison of phylogenetic trees for evolutionary genome analysis, which not only enables biologists to intuitively explore trees but also identify locus which affects their traits by comparing SNP variants of selected leaf nodes. We conclude with case studies from two biologists who used our system to augment their previous manual analysis workflow and demonstrate that our system can reveal more insight.     

Multi-phase transformation kinetics of HSLA steels during continuous cooling: experiments and cellular automaton (CA) simulation

ABSTRACT

Kinetics of multiply ferrite/bainite phase transformation of HSLA steels is investigated by experiments and cellular automaton (CA) simulation. Peak-differentiation method to elucidate the sequential ferrite and bainite phase transformation individually, which is verified by the CA simulation. Such CA modelling executed using classic JMAK theory, but also gives an insight of microstructure evolution of the multi-phase transformation routine on different cooling rate. From that, it enables classic JMAK modelling to capture the detached phase transformation with different growth models and interface-migration mechanisms. Also, we find that the final phase constitution is sensitive to the cooling rate. With increasing the cooling rate, bainite sheaves nucleated at prior austenite boundaries and ferrite/austenite interfaces are significantly facilitated, which seriously inhibits the growth of prior ferrites. The scenario can be interpreted by the CA simulation and the influence of the cooling rate on sequential multi-phase transformation can be also obtained.     

Synthesis of glycoluril catalyzed by potassium hydroxide under ultrasound irradiation

Synthesis of the glycolurils catalyzed by potassium hydroxide was carried out in 17–75% yield at 40 °C in EtOH under ultrasound irradiation. Compared to the method using stirring, the main advantage of the present procedure is milder conditions and shorter reaction time.     

Visualizing surrogate decision trees of convolutional neural networks

Journal of Visualization - Interpreting the decision-making of black boxes in machine learning becomes urgent nowadays due to their lack of transparency. One effective way to interpret these models...     

Quantum to classical crossover under dephasing effects in a two-dimensional percolation model

Scaling theory predicts complete localization in d = 2 in quantum systems belonging to the orthogonal class(i.e., with timereversal symmetry and spin-rotation symmetry). The conductance g behaves as g^exp(-L/l) with system size L and localization length l in the strong disorder limit. However, classical systems can always have metallic states in which Ohm’s law shows a constant g in d=2. We study a two-dimensional quantum percolation model by controlling dephasing effects. The numerical investigation of g aims at simulating a quantum-to-classical percolation evolution. An unexpected metallic phase, where g increases with L, generates immense interest before the system becomes completely classical. Furthermore, the analysis of the scaling plot of g indicates a metal-insulator crossover.     

Accurate correction of arbitrary spin fermion quantum tunneling from non-stationary Kerr-de Sitter black hole based on corrected Lorentz dispersion relation

According to a corrected dispersion relation proposed in the study on the string theory and quantum gravity theory, the Rarita-Schwinger equation was precisely modified, which resulted in the Rarita-Schwinger-Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Using this equation, the characteristics of arbitrary spin fermion quantum tunneling radiation from non-stationary Kerr-de Sitter black holes were determined. A number of accurately corrected physical quantities, such as surface gravity, chemical potential, tunneling probability, and Hawking temperature, which describe the properties of black holes, were derived. This research has enriched the research methods and enabled increased precision in black hole physics research.     

Quantum numbers of the pentaquark states ${{\rm{P}}}_{{\rm{c}}}^{+}$ via symmetry analysis

We investigate the quantum numbers of the pentaquark states ${{\rm{P}}}_{{\rm{c}}}^{+}$, which are composed of 4 (three flavors) quarks and an antiquark, by analyzing their inherent nodal structure in this paper. Assuming that the four quarks form a tetrahedron or a square, and the antiquark is at the ground state, we determine the nodeless structure of the states with orbital angular moment L≤3, and in turn, the accessible low-lying states. Since the inherent nodal structure depends only on the inherent geometric symmetry, we propose the quantum numbers J^P of the low-lying pentaquark states ${{\rm{P}}}_{c}^{+}$ may be ${\tfrac{3}{2}}^{-}$, ${\tfrac{5}{2}}^{-}$, ${\tfrac{3}{2}}^{+}$and ${\tfrac{5}{2}}^{+}$, independent of dynamical models.