Barrier-free intermolecular proton transfer in the uracil-glycine complex induced by excess electron attachment

The photoelectron spectra (PES) of anions of uracil-glycine and uracil-phenylalanine complexes reveal broad features with maxima at 1.8 and 2.0 eV. The results of ab initio density functional B3LYP and second order M?ller-Plesset theory calculations indicate that the excess electron occupies a π^* orbital localized on uracil. The excess electron attachment to the complex can induce a barrier-free proton transfer (BFPT) from the carboxylic group of glycine to the O8 atom of uracil. As a result, the four most stable structures of the anion of uracil-glycine complex can be characterized as the neutral radical of hydrogenated uracil solvated by the anion of deprotonated glycine. The similarity between the PES spectra for the uracil complexes with glycine and phenylalanine suggests that the BFPT is also operative in the case of the latter anionic species. The BFPT to the O8 atom of uracil may be related to the damage of nucleic acid bases by low energy electrons because the O8 atom is involved in a hydrogen bond with adenine in the standard Watson-Crick pairing scheme. Received 6 April 2002 Published online 13 September 2002     

Generation of 3rd and 5th harmonics in a thin superconducting film by temperature oscillations and isothermal nonlinear current response

The generation of harmonics of the voltage response is considered when an AC current is applied through a superconducting film above T_c. It is shown that almost at all temperatures the mechanism of the temperature oscillations created by the AC current and the temperature dependence of the resistance dominates over the isothermal nonlinear electric conductivity. Only in a narrow critical region close to T_c the latter is essential for the generation of the harmonics. A detailed investigation of harmonics generation provides an accurate method for measuring the thermal boundary conductance between the film and the insulating substrate. The critical behaviour of the third harmonic will give a new method for the determination of the lifetime of metastable Cooper pairs above T_c. The comparison of the calculated fifth harmonics of the voltage with the experiment is proposed as an important test for the applicability of the employed theoretical models. Received 8 September 2001     

类Kerr介质中双模SU(1,1)相干态场与Λ型三能级原子相互作用的量子统计性质

导出了类Kerr介质中双模SU(1,1)相干态场与Λ型三能级原子相互作用系统的态函数,研究了Kerr效应对Λ型三能级原子布居概率、双模SU(1,1)相干态场的互关联函数、Cauchy-Schwartz不等式及二阶相干度的影响.结果表明:Kerr效应使原子与光场的耦合减弱,原子布居的崩塌与复苏的周期缩短;在初始光场较弱和较强两种情况下,类Kerr介质对双模SU(1,1)相干态场两模间的相关性、相关程度以及光子的聚束与反聚束效应产生的作用有明显的区别.     

RICE CONDITION NUMBERS OF CERTAIN CHARACTERISTIC SUBSPACES

This paper proposes the Rice condition numbers for invariant subspace, singular sub-spaces of a matrix and deflating subspaces of a regular matrix pair. The first-order perturbation estimations for these subspaces are derived by applying perturbation expansions of orthogonal projection operators.     

Minimax Results and Finite-Dimensional Separation

In this paper, we review and unify some classes of generalized convex functions introduced by different authors to prove minimax results in infinite-dimensional spaces and show the relations between these classes. We list also for the most general class already introduced by Jeyakumar (Ref. 1) an elementary proof of a minimax result. The proof of this result uses only a finite-dimensional separa- tion theorem; although this minimax result was already presented by Neumann (Ref. 2) and independently by Jeyakumar (Ref. 1), we believe that the present proof is shorter and more transparent.     

Resonances and Gamow States in Non-Local Potentials

For a large class of non-local, non separable potentials with non-compact support, the solution of the radial integrodifferential equation may be reduced to the solution of a homogeneous linear integral equation of Fredholm type with a quadratically integrable kernel. In this way we derive expansions of the wave functions and the Green's function of the Schrödinger equation with a non-local potential in terms of bound states, resonant states and a continuum of scattering functions with complex wave number. The rules of normalization, orthogonality and completeness satisfied by the eigenstates of the Schrödinger equation belonging to complex eigenvalues with Im E_n < 0, (Gamow or resonant states) are also derived. Finally, by means of a realistic example, it is shown how to use these expansions to exhibit the resonant behaviour of the differential cross section. Explicit expressions for the transition amplitudes and the partial widths in terms of expectation values of operators computed with Gamow functions are given.     

Dynamics of a two-frequency parametrically driven duffing oscillator

Summary We investigate the transition from two-frequency quasiperiodicity to chaotic behavior in a model for a quasiperiodically driven magnetoelastic ribbon. The model system is a two-frequency parametrically driven Duffing oscillator. As a driving parameter is increased, the route to chaos takes place in four distinct stages. The first stage is a torus-doubling bifurcation. The second stage is a transition from the doubled torus to a strange nonchaotic attractor. The third stage is a transition from the strange nonchaotic attractor to a geometrically similar chaotic attractor. The final stage is a hard transition to a much larger chaotic attractor. This latter transition arises as the result of acrisis, the characterization of which is one of our primary concerns. Numerical evidence is given to indicate that the crisis arises from the collision of the chaotic attractor with the stable manifold of a saddle torus. Intermittent bursting behavior is present after the crisis with the mean time between bursts scaling as a power law in the distance from the critical control parameter; τ ∼ (A-A_c)^-α. The critical exponent is computed numerically, yielding the value α=1.03±0.01. Theoretical justification is given for the computed critical exponent. Finally, a Melnikov analysis is performed, yielding an expression for transverse crossings of the stable and unstable manifolds of the crisis-initiating saddle torus.     

Dynamic polarization of lipid bilayers as a special case in the electrochemistry of liquid/liquid interfaces

Dynamically obtained current/voltage curves of bilayer lipid membranes partitioning a solution of lipophilic ions are compared with the results of the type expected in a voltammetry experiment involving ionic transport across a liquid/liquid interface. Lipophilic ions yielding “voltammograms” analogous to reversible and irreversible voltammograms (in conventional electrochemical systems) are reported. Also reported are examples of ions which yield what may be analogous to a masked response, a phenomenon known in the literature of liquid/liquid interfaces. Although the behavior of the two systems is similar, there exist differences in the interpretation of the voltammograms and suggestions are offered for an energetic and mechanistic interpretation of the membrane voltammogram.     

Synthesis, structure and optical properties of Eu/TiO2 nanocrystals at room temperature

The nanocrystal samples of titanium dioxide doped with europium ion (Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystal) are synthesized by the sol-gel method with hydrothermal treatment. The Eu³⁺ contents (molar ratio) in the samples are 0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. The X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy data and scanning electron microscope image show that crystallite size is reduced by the doping of Eu³⁺ into TiO₂. Comparing the Raman spectra of TiO₂ with Eu³⁺/TiO₂ (molar ratio Eu³⁺/TiO₂=1%, 2% and 4%) nanocrystals at different annealing temperatures indicates that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation temperatures of Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystals are higher than that of TiO₂. This is due to the formation of Eu-O-Ti bonds on the surface of the TiO₂ crystallite, as characterized by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectra of TiO₂ in Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystals are interpreted by the surface self-trapped and defect-trapped exciton relaxation. The photoluminescence of Eu³⁺ in Eu³⁺/TiO₂ nanocrystals has the strongest emission intensity at 2% of Eu³⁺ concentration.