Zur Aerodynamik von Hagelkörnern

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Der Hagelversuchskanal

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Kennzeichen atmosphärischer Eispartikeln

Summary Photographs and pictures of thin sections in transparent or polarized light show a number of different possibilities of external and internal structure of hailstones. The relationship between air bubbles in the ice and the single crystals are explained also in connection with the concentration of the active atmospheric ice nuclei.     

Catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of alpha-ketoesters with hantzsch esters

C2-symmetric chiral copper(II)-bisoxazolines function as alcohol dehydrogenase mimics and catalyze highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenations of alpha-ketoesters with Hantzsch esters as a synthetic NADH analogue to give alpha-hydroxy esters in excellent enantioselectivities. [reaction: see text].     

IDPi Catalysis

High acidity and structural confinement are pivotal elements in asymmetric acid catalysis. The recently introduced imidodiphosphorimidate (IDPi) Brønsted acids have met with remarkable success in combining those features, acting as powerful Brønsted acid catalysts and “silylium” Lewis acid precatalysts in numerous thus far inaccessible transformations. Substrates as challenging to activate as simple olefins were readily transformed, ketones were employed as acceptors in aldolizations allowing sub‐ppm level catalysis, whereas enolates of the smallest donor aldehyde, acetaldehyde, did not polymerize but selectively added a single time to a variety of acceptor aldehydes.     

Stark spectroscopy of excited-state transitions in a conjugated polymer

Stark spectroscopy, which is well established for probing transitions between the ground and excited states of many material classes, is extended to transitions between transient excited states. To this end, it is combined with femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy on a conjugated polymer with appropriately introduced traps which harvest excitation energy and build up a sufficient excited state population. The results indicate a significant difference in the effective dipole moments between two short lived excited states.