聚碳酸亚丙酯洗涤工段洗涤液组分分析

采用气质联用法对聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）生产工艺中洗涤工段洗涤液组分进行定性及定量分析。分析结果表明洗涤液中的杂质主要有1-甲氧基-2．丙醇、2-甲氧基-1-丙醇、碳酸二甲酯、二丙撑二醇、碳酸丙烯酯。1次洗涤液中含环氧丙烷32．34％,含甲醇58．74％;4次洗涤液中含环氧丙烷10．61％,含甲醇89．01％。随着洗涤次数的增加,样品中环氧丙炕含量减小,甲醇含量增大。     

美拉德法制备SOFCs用Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9电解质粉体的研究

使用无水葡萄糖作为有机溶剂,尿素作为助剂,采用绿色环保的美拉德法一步合成了纳米钆掺杂的氧化铈晶体(Gd0.2 Ce0.8 O1.9,GDC).通过TG/DSC、XRD、Raman spectroscopies、FESEM、in-situ XRD和交流阻抗谱等技术手段对合成的GDC材料进行结构和性能表征.结果表明,合成的GDC粉末具有单一的立方萤石结构,在10～50 nm范围内形成尺寸可调、粒径分布窄、结晶度高的纯相纳米颗粒.800℃煅烧的粉体经1550℃烧结后可以得到平均晶粒尺寸为3μm,晶界数量较少的致密GDC电解质片,其具有较好的电化学性能和结构稳定性.本文工作表明美拉德法适用于GDC的合成.     

TS-1/H2O2碱溶液中低温氧化愈创木酚制备马来酸（英）

可再生生物质资源的开发与利用能够缓解化石燃料产生的温室气体对环境的负面影响.在生物质燃料制备过程中联产高附加值化学品能大幅提高生物质炼制的经济性.愈创木酚是常见的木质纤维素快速热解产物.本文研究了低温液相氧化愈创木酚制备马来酸,并重点考察了催化剂添加量、pH值、反应时间和反应温度等反应条件的影响.研究发现,在钛硅沸石-过氧化氢碱溶液氧化反应体系中（80℃,pH=13.3）,20₃0mol%的愈创木酚可以选择性转化为马来酸.同时初步探讨了愈创木酚氧化开环转化为马来酸的反应机理.     

Thread Insertion of a Bis(dipyridophenazine) Diruthenium Complex into the DNA Double Helix by the Extrusion of AT Base Pairs and Cross‐Linking of DNA Duplexes

The crystal structure of the Δ,Δ enantiomer of the binuclear “light‐switch” ruthenium complex [μ‐(11,11′‐bidppz)(1,10‐phenanthroline)₄ Ru₂]⁴⁺ bound to the oligonucleotide d(CGTACG) shows that one dppz moiety of the dumbbell‐like compound inserts into the DNA stack through the extrusion of an AT base pair. The second dppz moiety recruits a neighboring DNA molecule, and the complex thus cross‐links two adjacent duplexes by bridging their major grooves.     

Water‐Promoted Ring‐Opening Reactions of N‐Substituted Saccharins and Phthalimides by Amines

The reactions of N‐substituted saccharins and phthalimides with amines were promoted by water. Various o‐sulfamoyl benzamides and N,N′‐disubstituted phthalamides were prepared in moderate to good yields. These reactions have prominent advantages, such as short reaction time, less by‐products and simple isolation of the products. Water can probably stabilize the reaction intermediates and facilitate precipitation of the ring‐opening products. When steric hindrance arose, hydrolytic compounds, either free acid or salts of the acids, were obtained. Possible reason for the formation of amine salts of o‐sulfamoyl benzoic acids was proposed.     

Silica gel accelerated aza-Michael addition of amines to α,β-unsaturated amides

A novel method to synthesize β-amino amide has been developed via conjugated addition of amine to bulky α,β-unsaturated amides promoted by silica gel. The silica gel worked efficiently to accelerate the reaction and afforded the related adduct in good to excellent yield.     

Rational Design of Ferroelectric 2D Perovskite for Improving the Efficiency of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Over 23 %

Despite the great progress of flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs), it still faces several challenges during the homogeneous fabrication of high-quality perovskite thin films, and overcoming the insufficient exciton dissociation. To the ends, we rationally design the ferroelectric two-dimensional (2D) perovskite based on pyridine heterocyclic ring as the organic interlayer. We uncover that incorporation of the ferroelectric 2D material into 3D perovskite induces an increased built-in electric field (BEF), which enhances the exciton dissociation efficiency in the device. Moreover, the 2D seeds could assist the 3D crystallization by forming more homogeneous and highly-oriented perovskite crystals. As a result, an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 23 % has been achieved by the f-PSCs with outstanding ambient stability. Moreover, the piezo/ferroelectric 2D perovskite intrigues a decreased hole transport barriers at the ITO/perovskite interface under tensile stress, which opens new possibilities for developing highly-efficient f-PSCs.     

Competitive Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for the Sensitive Point-of-Care Determination of Metoprolol

A competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay which can be used for point-of-care testing and blood screening of metoprolol is reported. Four haptens for metoprolol were synthesized. An octanedioic acid-modified hapten was conjugated with bovine serum albumin to serve as the immunogen and the haptens were conjugated with ovalbumin for the coating antigen. Polyclonal antibodies for metoprolol were produced and the detection conditions were optimized. A competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay was established based on the produced antibody with potential for bedside therapeutic monitoring of metoprolol. The limit of detection in phosphate-buffered saline was 2?ng?mL^?1. Satisfactory recovery values from 89.3 to 107.6% in plasma were achieved. The results provided by the reported method were consistent with values obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography for pharmacokinetic studies. The immunoassay has potential to be developed as a test kit offering a simple and cost-effective approach for on-site monitoring of metoprolol.     

上转换纳米粒子的Y(OH)CO3壳层包覆及壳层转化

Along with the promising applications of lanthanide doped upconversion nanomaterials in diverse fields such as biology, anti-counterfeiting, and lasering, the demand for multifunctional upconversion nanomaterials is increasing. One effective means of obtaining these nanomaterials is to fabricate upconversion nanomaterial-based heterostructures, which may provide superior properties as compared to the sum of the parts. However, obtaining heterostructured upconversion nanomaterials remains challenging mainly because of the crystal lattice mismatch between upconversion nanomaterials and other materials. Typically used strategies for synthesizing upconversion nanomaterial-based heterostructures are applicable only to limited types of materials. Alternatively, transformation of the intermediate layer is a promising strategy used to obtain these heterostructures. Nevertheless, this method remains in its infancy and, to date, only a few intermediate layers have been developed. New types of intermediate layers are therefore highly desirable. In this study, we show that amorphous Y(OH)CO₃ can be a promising candidate as an intermediate layer for fabricating upconversion nanoparticle-based heterostructures. As a proof-of-concept experiment, ligand-free NaGdF₄:Yb/Tm upconversion nanoparticles were first prepared as core nanoparticles. The Y(OH)CO₃ shell was then directly coated on the NaGdF₄:Yb/Tm upconversion nanoparticles in an aqueous solution using urea and Y(NO₃)₃, by a homogeneous precipitation approach. The thickness of the resulting Y(OH)CO₃ shell could be tuned by adjusting the amounts of either urea or Y(NO₃)₃. The as-coated Y(OH)CO₃ shell could be easily converted to YOF by heating at 300 ℃, yielding NaGdF₄:Yb/Tm@YOF core-shell heterostructured nanoparticles. In addition, we found that the NaGdF₄ core could be transformed to lanthanide oxide fluoride if the NaGdF₄:Yb/Tm@Y(OH)CO₃ core-shell nanoparticles were heated at 350 ℃. We also observed that treating the NaGdF₄:Yb/Tm@Y(OH)CO₃ core-shell nanoparticles at even higher temperatures (e.g., 400 ℃) produced aggregations of nanoparticles without regular morphologies. The transformation of the shell can be attributed to the decomposition of Y(OH)CO₃ and reactions between the Y(OH)CO₃ shell and NaGdF₄ core. Meanwhile, the transformation of the NaGdF₄ core at relatively high temperatures could be primarily due to the reactions between Y(OH)CO₃ and NaGdF₄. Notably, in this study, the core-shell structured nanoparticles, with either a Y(OH)CO₃ or YOF shell, maintained the photon upconversion properties of NaGdF₄:Yb/Tm upconversion nanoparticles. In addition, the method used here could be extended to the coating of other shells such as Tb(OH)CO₃ and Yb(OH)CO₃ on upconversion nanoparticles. Moreover, the NaGdF₄:Yb/Tm@Y(OH)CO₃ core-shell nanoparticles could be transformed to other nanoparticles with novel structures such as yolk-shell nanoparticles. These results can pave the way for preparing upconversion nanoparticle-based heterostructures and multifunctional composites, thus promoting new applications of upconversion nanoparticles.