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251.
在密码算法的设计中,S-盒有着信息混淆的重要功能.传统的S-盒的密码学指标一般包括线性偏差、差分特征、代数免疫度、不动点个数、雪崩效应等.2006年,Kocarev给出了有限集合上的离散混沌理论.本文借鉴该理论,在汉明距离的基础上给出了S-盒的Lyapunov指数的定义,利用该定义计算了几个密码算法中的S-盒的Lyapunov指数值,并进行了比较.证明了在欧氏距离上定义的Lvapunov指数最大的映射,按本文提出的S-盒的Lyapunov指数的定义其Lyapunov指数为0;讨论了S-盒的Lyapunov指数与S-盒的雪崩效应之间的关系,该关系实际上是混沌理论中的蝴蝶效应与密码学中的雪崩效应之间的关系.本文提出的S-盒的Lyapunov指数的定义可视为对传统的S-盒的密码学指标的补充. 相似文献
252.
重力再循环供液是指蒸发器依靠制冷剂自身的重力送入蒸发器,在供液高度大于蒸发器对制冷剂的阻力情况下,部分制冷剂液体在蒸发器和气液分离器所形成的回路中再循环。由于再循环作用不需要外加动力,并强化管内制冷剂的沸腾换热,蒸发器的效率得以明显提高。文中介绍了重力再循环供液制冷系统和蒸发器的结构,提出采用J.Chawla关系式和Shah关联式相结合的方法预测再循环蒸发器制冷剂侧的换热系数。采用空气侧热平衡法,对直接膨胀供液和重力再循环供液制冷系统分别进行了多蒸发温度下的性能测试。表明重力再循环供液制冷系统比直接膨胀供液制冷系统的制冷量平均增加26%,COP平均增加18%,蒸发温度平均升高1.1℃,传热系数是直接供液的1.57倍。J.Chawla关系式和Shah关联式相结合预测再循环蒸发器制冷剂侧的换热系数,其曲线结构与实验值近似,平均误差不大于20.6%。文章还对各热工参数的变化原因进行了分析。 相似文献
253.
Yongjian Zhang Zhengtang Liu Liping Feng Duyang Zang 《Applied Surface Science》2012,258(14):5354-5359
We have studied the electrical and optical properties of Cu–Al–O films deposited on silicon and quartz substrates by using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method under varied oxygen partial pressure PO. The results indicate that PO plays a critical role in the final phase constitution and microstructure of the films, and thus affects the electrical resistivity and optical transmittance significantly. The electrical resistivity increases with the increase of PO from 2.4 × 10?4 mbar to 7.5 × 10?4 mbar and afterwards it decreases with further increasing PO up to 1.7 × 10?3 mbar. The optical transmittance in visible region increases with the increase of PO and obtains the maximum of 65% when PO is 1.7 × 10?3 mbar. The corresponding direct band gap is 3.45 eV. 相似文献
254.
Sun XL Song WC Zang SQ Du CX Hou HW Mak TC 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2012,48(15):2113-2115
The hierarchical assembly of a homochiral triple concentric helical system in a novel 3D metal-organic framework with SHG activity has been observed. The result also provides a better understanding of host-guest chemistry and the process of water transport in biological systems. 相似文献
255.
Qiuhua Wu Min Liu Xiaoxing Ma Weina Wang Chun Wang Xiaohuan Zang Zhi Wang 《Mikrochimica acta》2012,177(1-2):23-30
We have developed a highly sensitive microextraction method for the preconcentration of some phthalate esters such as diethyl phthalate, di-n-propylphthalate, di-n-butyl-phthalate, dicyclohexyl-phthalate, and diethyl-hexyl phthalate prior to their determination by HPLC. It is based on a magnetic graphene nanocomposite as an effective adsorbent. The effects of the amount of the extractant composite employed, extraction time, pH values, salt concentration and desorption conditions were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors range from 1574 to 2880. Response is linear in the concentration range from 0.1 to 50?ng?mL?1. The limits of detection (at S/N?=?3) were between 0.01 and 0.04?ng?mL?1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of five phthalate esters in water and beverage samples.
A novel microextraction method was developed by using magnetic graphene nanocomposite as an effective adsorbent for the preconcentration of some trace phthalate esters in water and beverage samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The enrichment factors of the method for the compouds were achieved ranging from 1574 to 2880. 相似文献
256.
Robert McCrindle Alan J. McAlees Erle Zang George Ferguson 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2000,56(4):e132-e133
The synthesis and X‐ray structural analysis of the title compound, [PdCl2(C3H7N)(C18H15P)]·C3H6O, are described. The crystal structure contains discrete monomeric molecules of the carbene complex and solvent molecules separated by normal van der Waals distances. The Pd atom is four‐coordinate in an essentially square‐planar environment, with the chlorine ligands mutually cis; Pd—P = 2.2495 (7), Pd—Cl = 2.3508 (7) and 2.3600 (7), Pd—C 1.948 (2) and N—C(carbene) 1.274 (3) Å. 相似文献
257.
258.
This paper deals with time series of the Yellow River daily
flows at Tongguan hydrological station, from the year 2000 to
2005. Power spectrum analysis and statistical moment scaling
function on a range of scales revealed scaling qualities of the
data. The partition function, which displayed a convex
curvature, and the generalized dimension function showed that
multifractality is presented. The singularity spectrum, which is
single-humped, has shown strong multifractality degree. 相似文献
259.
Cu-Cr and Cu-Cr-Zr catalysts for the low temperature methanol synthesis slurry phase, with the surface area of 77.9 and 113.2 m2/g respectively, were prepared by the co precipitation approach. The activity and selectivity of these catalysts were evaluated in a stainless steel autoclave at 5.5 MPa and at different temperatures of 383 and 423 K separately. It was found that the activity of Cu-Cr-Zr catalyst was obviously higher than that of Cu-Cr catalyst, whereas the methanol selectivity of Cu-Cr-Zr catalyst was a little lower. The concentration of sodium compounds in the solution after reaction was also measured. The results showed that the concentration of sodium formate after reaction is much lower than that before reaction, which is quite different from the observations from the Cu-Cr catalyst previously. This implies that the conversion of sodium methoxide to sodium formate has been completely suppressed in the presence of zirconia in Cu-Cr-Zr catalyst. This finding is more beneficial to improve the performance of Cu-Cr catalyst and to increase the life of catalyst system as well. 相似文献
260.
合成了一种中心对称的草酰胺桥联异三核配合物{[Ni(oxbe)]2Mg(H2O)2}·2DMF·DMA[oxbe为N-(2-羧基苯)-N'-(2-氨乙基)不对称草酰胺(H3oxbe)的脱氢阴离子;DMF为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;DMA为二甲胺].用单晶X射线衍射法测定了它的晶体结构,该晶体属单斜晶系,空间群C2/e,晶胞参数a=22.617(5)A,b=17.173(4)A,c=10.881(4)A,β=115.40(2)°,V=3818(2)A3,Ni2MgC30H44N8O13,Mr=866.46,Z=4,Dc=1.508g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=1.075mm-1,F(000)=1808,R=0.0660,wR=0.1772(I>2б(I)),3755个可观察衍射点.该三核分子为中心对称结构,镁离子位于6个氧原子所构成的变形八面体的中心,两个镍离子则分别位于两端由N3O构成的近似平面四方场中,中心Mg2+与两端的Ni2+通过草酰胺阴离子桥联在一起. 相似文献