The comparative pharmacokinetics of four bioactive ingredients after administration of Ramulus Cinnamomi–Radix Glycyrrhizae herb pair extract,Ramulus Cinnamomi extract and Radix Glycyrrhizae extract

Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC)–Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) is a classic herb pair, which is commonly used as a fixed form to treat cardiovascular disease in the clinic. Our work aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic difference of cinnamic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhetinic acid in rats after oral administration of the RC–RG herb pair extracts [Guizhigancao Decoction (GGD) and Lingguizhugan Decoction (LGZGD)] and the single RC or RG extract. A HPLC‐MS method was developed and validated to study comparative pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetic parameters (C_max, AUC, MRT) of four compounds between the RC–RG herb pair group and the single herb (RC or RG) group showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Compared with the single herb (RC or RG) group, higher peak concentration, slower elimination and larger exposure could be observed after giving the RC–RG herb‐pair extracts. The pharmacokinetic differences might indicate the relativity of remedy in the RC–RG herb pair and provide scientific information for rational administration of the drug in the clinic. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用MVM准则求解轴对称弹塑性问题

本文采用MVM 屈服准则,用相关联流动法则建立材料的本构关系.对于实际工程中常见的轴对称问题(平面应力、平面应变),进行弹塑性分析,给出求解问题的一组微分方程.采用Prager 假设,给出应力场和位移场.在分析中可以看出:对于平面应变问题,当v≠0.5时,求解应力场的问题是非静定的;当v=0.5或在平面应力问题中,求解应力的问题是静定的,方程组易于求解.通过数值计算考察SD 效应对结构的影响.结果表明,在压缩过程中,SD 效应增强了结构抵抗塑性变形的能力.     

微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定桃中稀土元素及其分布

以市场销售的桃为实验材料,利用微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定桃中稀土元素的含量。样品经过硝酸-氢氟酸-双氧水微波消解,实现了桃中16种稀土元素的测定。各元素的检出限在0.004~0.020μg·g-1之间,方法精密度在0.78%~2.96%,回收率在95.0%~106.0%之间。比较了稀土元素在果皮和果肉中的分布。结果表明,稀土元素在果皮中的含量明显高于果肉。本法快速、准确,可用于桃等水果中稀土元素的测定。     

A comparison of the inclusion behavior of human serum albumin and holo transferrin with fluoxymesterone in the presence of three different cyclodextrins

This article describes the interaction of fluoxymesterone (Flu) with HSA and HTF in the absence and presence of cyclodextrins (CDs) (α, β and γ). According to fluorescence data, the binding of Flu to the proteins caused strong static quenching in the binary and ternary systems. The fluorescence quenching results demonstrated that HSA and HTF had two and one class of apparent binding sites with a distinct binding constant in the presence of the CDs, respectively. The effects of Flu on the structure of HSA and HTF were analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, which showed that the interaction of Flu with both proteins in the binary and ternary systems altered the microenvironment around the Trp and Tyr residues. The distance, r, between Flu and the proteins was obtained according to FRET which pointed at a successful formation of a drug-protein complex. Far-UV CD spectra indicated that the binding of the drug to both proteins induced changes in the secondary structure of HSA and HTF in the binary and ternary systems. Finally, molecular modeling provided possible binding sites of Flu within the proteins for the binary and ternary systems and also confirmed the experimental results. The obtained data can be useful for determining usage drug doses in drug delivery.     

雷云电场作用下长地线表面正极性辉光电晕放电的仿真研究

在雷云电场的缓慢作用下, 一种无流注的正极性辉光电晕在接地物体表面起始, 向周围空间注入大量正极性空间电荷, 从而改变雷电先导对雷击目的物的选择. 本文对雷云电场作用下起始于长地线表面的正极性辉光电晕放电进行了仿真研究; 考虑了正极性离子与其他离子的附着与碰撞作用, 建立了一种精确的二维正极性辉光电晕模型; 并通过在实验室内开展高压电晕放电试验, 测量了不同背景电场下的电晕电流; 与本文所建模型的仿真结果进行对比, 对模型的正确性进行了验证. 基于上述模型, 对正极性辉光电晕在雷云感应作用下的起始发展过程与电晕特性进行了仿真模拟, 得到了该电晕的电晕电流、正离子密度分布规律以及正离子迁移规律. 发现在雷云电场作用下, 电晕放电产生的正离子在迁移初期于垂直于地线的平面内基本呈圆对称状均匀分布, 但随着离子逐渐远离地线其分布不再均匀, 呈拉长的椭圆形分布, 多数离子最终分布于地线上方区域并逐渐向雷云方向迁移; 由于正离子在地线上方迁移区聚集形成的正空间电荷背景对行进电子束具有衰减和消耗作用, 抑制了电子崩的形成, 并降低了电子崩转化为流注的概率, 阻止了新的电子崩对流注的不断注入, 同时正空间电荷背景使气体的碰撞面增大, 增加了与电子的复合概率, 引起大量电子的消耗, 最终抑制了电子崩的形成与流注的发展, 地线表面的上行先导得到抑制.     

可实现防碰撞通信的新型声表面波温度传感器

针对多声表面波传感器系统中各传感器信息读取时会产生通信碰撞的问题,提出了一种可实现防碰撞通信的新型声表面波温度传感器;通过分析声表面波温度传感器的回波脉冲信号,将沃尔什码作为编码内容实现了多声表面波温度传感器系统中各传感器的正交编码;将传感器对应的匹配信号与系统回波信号进行互相关运算,提取了系统中各传感器的感测温度信息,达到了防碰撞通信的目标;该传感器兼顾编码效率和加工工艺两方面要求,简化感测信息提取的复杂程度;仿真实验验证了上述理论的正确性。     

Sorption of radioeuropium onto attapulgite: effect of experimental conditions

Batch sorption experiments were performed to remove Eu(III) ions from aqueous solutions by using attapulgite under ambient conditions. Different experimental conditions, such as contact time, solid content, foreign ions, pH, ionic strength, fulvic acid and temperature, have been investigated to study their effect on the sorption property. The results indicated that the sorption of Eu(III) onto attapulgite was strongly dependent on pH, ionic strength and temperature. The sorption increased from about 8.9 to 90% at pH ranging from 2 to 6 in 0.01 mol/L NaNO₃ solution. The Eu(III) kinetic sorption on attapulgite was fitted by the pseudo-second-order model better than by the pseudo-first-order model. The sorption of Eu(III) onto attapulgite increased with increasing temperature and decreasing ionic strength. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to simulate the sorption isotherms, and the results indicated that the Freundlich model simulated the data better than the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G ^o, ∆S ^o, ∆H ^o) were determined from the temperature dependent isotherms at 298.15, 318.15 and 338.15 K, and the results indicated that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results suggest that the attapulgite is a suitable material as an adsorbent for preconcentration and immobilization of Eu(III) from aqueous solutions.     

A novel nitrite sensor based on graphene/polypyrrole/chitosan nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode

A novel nitrite sensor was fabricated based on a graphene/polypyrrole/chitosan nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode. The nanocomposite film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The electron transfer behaviour of the modified electrodes was investigated in [Fe(CN)(6)](3-)/(4-) redox probe using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry were used to study the electrochemical properties of the proposed sensor. Under optimum conditions, the sensor exhibited good reproducibility and stability for nitrite determination. Linear response was obtained in the range of 0.5-722 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM (S/N = 3) for nitrite determination.     

Synthesis of 12‐aryl‐12H‐benzo[i][1,3]‐dioxolo[4,5‐b]xanthene‐6,11‐diones using silica sulfuric acid as an efficient and versatile catalyst under solvent‐free conditions

Some novel 12‐aryl‐12H‐benzo[i][1,3]‐dioxolo[4,5‐b]xanthene‐6,11‐diones can be rapidly and efficiently synthesized in excellent yields by condensing a variety of aldehydes with 3,4‐methylenedioxyphenol and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone in the presence of a catalytic amount of silica sulfuric acid under solvent‐free conditions. The simple experimental procedure, solvent‐free reaction conditions, utilization of an inexpensive and readily available catalyst, short period of conversion, and excellent yields are the advantages of the present method. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recycled and reused three times without significant loss of activity. The structures of the novel compounds are confirmed by IR, ¹H‐NMR, ¹³C‐NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.