The quark model and b baryons

The recent observation at the Tevatron of (uub and ddb) baryons within 2 MeV of the predicted Σ_b-Λ_b splitting and of baryons at the Tevatron within a few mega electron volts (MeV) of predictions has provided strong confirmation for a theoretical approach based on modeling the color hyperfine interaction. The prediction of  = 5790-5800 MeV is reviewed and similar methods used to predict the masses of the excited states and . The main source of uncertainty is the method used to estimate the mass difference m_b-m_c from known hadrons. We verify that corrections due to the details of the interquark potential and to Ξ_b- mixing are small. For S-wave qqb states we predict , and . For states with one unit of orbital angular momentum between the b quark and the two light quarks we predict , and . Results are compared with those of other recent approaches.     

From gene to structure: The protein factory of the NBICS Centre of Kurchatov Institute

The Protein Factory was established at the Centre for Nano, Bio, Info, Cognitive, and Social Sciences and Technologies (NBICS Centre) of the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” in 2010. The Protein Factory, together with the Centre for Synchrotron Radiation and Nanotechnology, promote research on structural biology. This paper presents the technology platforms developed at the Protein Factory and the facilities available for researchers. The main projects currently being performed at the Protein Factory are briefly described.     

Study of the composition of titanium anode with electrocatalytic coat based on cobalt,manganese, and nickel oxides

The phase composition of titanium anode electrocatalytic coats based on cobalt, manganese, and nickel oxides was analyzed by separating and interpreting an amorphous diffractogram component. A correlation was confirmed between the data of the X-ray phase analysis of titanium anodes with an electrocatalytic coat based on cobalt, manganese, and nickel oxides and the results of the simulation of probable oxide phases in analogous coats obtained earlier on the basis of the spectral analysis experimental data.     

Color oscillations and measuring the quark charge

Color oscillations analogous to neutrino oscillations but with very high frequency are shown to be present in hadron states below color threshold. Experiments to distinguish between fractionally charged and integrally charged quark models both below and above color threshold are discussed. The instantaneous quark charge is shown to be measurable only in very fast processes determined by the high-energy behavior of transition amplitudes well above color threshold. Results from the naive parton model for deep inelastic processes which indicate that real charges of quarks and gluons can be measured are shown to be in error because of neglect of color oscillations and inteference terms.     

Sum rules and systematics for baryon magnetic moments

The new experimental values of hyperon magnetic moments are compared with sum rules predicted from general quark models. Three difficulties encountered are not easily explained by simple models. The isovector contributions of nonstrange quarks to hyperon moments are smaller than the corresponding contribution to nucleon moments, indicating either appreciable configuration mixing in hyperon wave functions and absent in nucleons or an additional isovector contribution beyond that of valence quarks, e.g. from a pion cloud. The large magnitude of the Ξ^? moment may indicate that the strange quark contribution to the Ξ moments is considerably larger than the value μ(Λ) predicted by simple models which have otherwise been very successful. The set of controversial values from different experiments of the Σ^? moment include a value very close to $\text{?}\text{1}\text{2}\text{μ(Σ}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}$ which would indicate that strange quarks do not contribute at all to the Σ moments.