Development of a Quantitative Method for Detection of Multiclass Veterinary Drugs in Feed Using Modified QuPPe Extraction and LC–MS/MS

A method was developed for the rapid and quantitative analysis of 30 veterinary drugs belonging to 17 classes (amphenicols (1), anthelmintics (1), cephalosporins (4), coccidiostats (1), lincosamides (1), macrolide (1), nitroimidazole (1), penicillins (3), phenylhydrazines (1), polypeptides (1), pyrethrins (1), quinolones (5), sulfonamides (3), tetracycline (3), neuroleptic agents (1), triazene trypanocidal agents (1), other. (1)) in feeds. The proposed method with a modified Quick Polar Pesticides (QuPPe) sample preparation was validated for the determination of 30 veterinary drugs in feed samples by liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The sample was extracted with methanol containing 1% acetic acid and purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with C18. Good linearity (r² ≥ 0.98) was observed, and the LOQ values ranged from 10 to 200 µg/kg. Average recoveries ranged from 70.8 to 118.4%, and the relative standard deviation was ≤ 18.7%. This validated method was used in the determination of 30 veterinary drugs in 142 feed samples obtained from South Korea. The results show that lincomycin was present in only one of the tested feed samples, although it was detected at a value lower than the LOQ. In conclusion, this multi-residue method can be used for screening through the detection and quantitation of residual multiclass veterinary drugs in feed samples.     

Multistage homotopy perturbation method for nonlinear reaction networks

In this paper, we present the multistage homotopy perturbation method for finding the solution of the chemical kinetics with nonlinear reactions. We develop a general scheme for finding the analytic solution of chemical reaction networks and apply it to motivating chemical examples such as the enzyme kinetics model and the Brusselator model. We illustrate the numerical result for the models and show the accuracy of the method.     

氧化锌锡作为电子传输层的量子点发光二极管

本文研究了以胶状量子点作为发光层和有机/无机混合材料作 为电子-空穴传输层的电致发光二极管器件. CdSe 量子点以薄膜的形式夹在无机氧化锌锡电子传输层和有机TPD空穴传输层中间构成三明治结构. 氧化锌锡电子传输层采用磁控溅射实现, 有机TPD空穴传输层和量子点发光层则采用旋涂的方法制备, 得到的QD-LEDs器件结构界面陡峭、表面平整. 光电特性表征结果显示器件的电致发光具有良好的单色性、低的开启电压, 利 用具有高电子迁移率和低载流子浓度的无机氧化锌锡薄膜作为电子传输层可 以实现器件在大气环境下稳定、明亮的电致发光. 本文分析了器件的工作机理并通过改变氧化锌锡的电导率达到控制器件中电子和空穴的注入比的目的, 优化了器件的光电性能. 关键词： 量子点 氧化锌锡 电致发光 电子传输层     

Electrophoretic separation of gold nanoparticles according to bifunctional molecules‐induced charge and size

Gold nanospheres modified with bifunctional molecules have been separated and characterized by using agarose gel electrophoresis as well as optical spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The electrophoretic mobility of a gold nanosphere capped with 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) has been found to depend on the number of MUA molecules per gold nanosphere, indicating that it increases with the surface charge of the nanoparticle. The extinction spectrum of gold nanospheres capped with MUA at an MUA molecules per gold nanosphere value of 1000 and connected via 1,6‐hexanedithiol (HDT) decreases by 33% in magnitude and shifts to the red as largely as 22 nm with the increase of the molar ratio of HDT to MUA (R_HM). Gold nanospheres capped with MUA and connected via HDT have been separated successfully using gel electrophoresis and characterized by measuring reflectance spectra of discrete electrophoretic bands directly in the gel and by monitoring transmission electron microscope images of gold nanoparticles collected from the discrete bands. Electrophoretic mobility has been found to decrease substantially with the increment of HDT to MUA, indicating that the size of aggregated gold nanoparticles increases with the concentration of HDT.     

Evanescent tunneling of an effective surface plasmon excited by convection electrons

We introduce the subwavelength transmission of an effective surface plasmon beyond the light zone via the proximity interaction of convection electrons with a metal grating. A comparative analysis of dielectric homogenization and a finite-difference-time-domain simulation shows that out-of-phase-like modes (pi modes) have strong transmission below the cutoff frequency relying on the parametric condition of structural dimension and electronic energy. The synchronous spatial field and charge distribution of the pi mode system confirms the evanescent tunneling effect of the electron-coupled plasmons.     

Abnormal adsorption behavior of dimethyl disulfide on gold surfaces

Adsorption of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) on gold colloidal nanoparticle surfaces has been examined to check its binding mechanism. Differently from previous results, DMDS molecules adsorbed on the gold surface at high concentration showed the S–S stretching band at 500 cm⁻¹ in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra, which indicates the presence of intact adsorption of DMDS molecules. However, it was found that the S–S bond of disulfides was easily cleaved on the gold surface at low concentration. These behaviors were not observed for diethyl disulfide (DEDS) or diphenyl disulfide (DPDS). Our results indicate that DMDS molecules with the shortest alkyl chains on the gold surface can be inserted into self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) without the S–S bond cleavage during self-assembly due to insufficient lateral van der Waals interaction and the low adsorption activity of disulfides, whereas DEDS with longer alkyl chains or DPDS with the weak disulfide bond dissociation energy would not. These unusual DMDS adsorption behaviors were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We also compared the bonding dissociation energy of the S–S bonds of various disulfides by means of a density functional theory (DFT) calculation.     

Iodonium Metathesis Reactions

A metathesis reaction occurs when a diaryliodonium triflate is heated with an aryl iodide, resulting in the formation of a new diaryliodonium triflate.