In Situ Monitoring the Photolysis of Fluoranthene Adsorbed on Mangrove Leaves Using Fiber-Optic Fluorimetry

A newly established fiber-optic fluorimetry was used to determine the fluoranthene (Fla) adsorbed on the leaf surfaces of three mangrove species, such as Excoecarla agallocha (Ea), Kandelia candel (Kc) and Aegiceras corniculatum (Ac). With the method, the photolysis of Fla adsorbed on Ea, Kc and Ac leaf surfaces was studied. Under the laboratory conditions, using a high pressure mercury lamp as light source, photolysis was found to be the main transformation pathway for the Fla adsorbed on the three mangrove leaves, whereas disappearance of the adsorbed Fla as a result of volatilization and absorption could be negligible. The photolysis of Fla adsorbed on the three mangrove leaf surfaces followed first-order kinetics with photolysis rates of Fla in the order of Ac > Ea > Kc. The photolysis half lives of Fla adsorbed on the leaves were from 14.32 min to 69.31 min. The different initial concentrations of Fla adsorbed on the selected mangrove leaves did not affect the photolysis rates of Fla. The absorption characteristics of leaf-wax played an important role to influence the different photolysis rates of Fla adsorbed on these three mangrove species.     

Efficient and compact intracavity-frequency-doubled Nd:LuVO<Subscript>4</Subscript>/LBO laser at 538 nm end-pumped by a fiber-coupled laser diode

We report a diode-pumped Nd:LuVO₄ laser emitting at 1076 nm, based on the ⁴ F _3/2−⁴ I _11/2 transition, generally used for a 1066 nm emission. A power of 689 mW at 1076 nm has been achieved in continuous-wave (CW) operation with a fiber-coupled laser diode emitting 17.8 W at 809 nm. Intracavity second-harmonic generation (SHG) in CW mode has also been demonstrated with a power of 105 mW at 538 nm by using a LiB₃O₅ (LBO) nonlinear crystal.     

激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定植物样品中的元素

采用193 nm准分子激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)对标准植物粉末样品(GBW07602-GBW07603灌木枝叶、GBW07604杨树叶、GBW07605茶叶、GBW08514烟草)中13种元素(Li,B,Na,Mg,Al,K,Ca,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Ba)进行定量测试.向植物粉末样...     

Beam controller using nonlinear embedded optical transformation

Flexible and adjustable beam splitters, expanders/compressors and the cloak are presented based on a universal two-dimensional transformation formula for the embedded transformation optics. Nonlinear transformation results by the suggested formula under different conditions reveal several interesting phenomena and potential applications. All beam controllers are achieved by the nonlinear coordinate transformation.     

Influence of thermal annealing duration of buffer layer on the crystalline quality of In0.82Ga0.18As grown on InP substrate by LP-MOCVD

In_0.82Ga_0.18As epilayers were grown on InP substrates using a two-step growth technique by LP-MOCVD. A homogeneous low-temperature (450 °C) In_0.82Ga_0.18As buffer layer was introduced to improve the crystalline quality of epilayers. The influence of low-temperature buffer layer deposition condition, such as thermal annealing duration, on the crystalline quality of the In_0.82Ga_0.18As epilayer was investigated. Double-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement, Hall measurement, and Raman scattering spectrum were used to evaluate the In_0.82Ga_0.18As epilayers. Atomic force microscope was used to study the surface morphology. It is found that the In_0.82Ga_0.18As epilayer, with buffer layer thermal annealing for 5 min, exhibits the best crystalline quality. The change of the surface morphology of the buffer layer after thermal annealing treatment was suggested to explain the phenomenon.     

Fabrication of two biomimetic superhydrophobic polymeric surfaces

Two biomimetic superhydrophobic polymeric surfaces were obtained by a simple approach under ambient atmosphere. Water and ethanol were used as the nonsolvents in the method of phase separation in different systems. The influences of various factors in the process were investigated. Both of the as-prepared films showed excellent superhydrophobicity, depending on the high contact angle and the low contact angle hysteresis. Moreover, the classic and a new modified Cassie-Baxter relation were used on the polystyrene and poly-α-methyl styrene films to confirm the superhydrophobic performance.     

Preparation and properties of SnS film grown by two-stage process

SnS films have been prepared by a novel two-stage process. It involved sputtering of Sn film on glass substrate and sulfurization of the thin metallic tin precursor layers in a vacuum furnace. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the SnS layers had orthorhombic structure and (0 4 0) preferential growth is more and more obvious with the increase of sulfurization time. The SnS film obtained by this work shows high optical absorption efficiency, and the film has a direct optical band gap of about 1.3 eV. The films show p-type conductivity and the resistivity of SnS film decreased obviously under illumination.     

The ferroelectric and ferromagnetic characterization of CoFe2O4/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 multilayered thin films

The multiferroic (PMN-PT/CFO)_n (n = 1,2) multilayered thin films have been prepared on SiO₂/Si(1 0 0) substrate with LNO as buffer layer via a rf magnetron sputtering method. The structure and surface morphology of multilayered thin films were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atom force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The smooth, dense and crack-free surface shows the excellent crystal quality with root-mean-square (RMS) roughness only 2.9 nm, and average grain size of CFO thin films on the surface is about 44 nm. The influence of the thin films thickness size, periodicity n and crystallite orientation on their properties including ferroelectric, ferromagnetic properties in the (PMN-PT/CFO)_n multilayered thin films were investigated. For multilayered thin films with n = 1 and n = 2, the remanent polarization Pr are 17.9 μC/cm² and 9.9 μC/cm²; the coercivity H_c are 1044 Oe and 660 Oe, respectively. In addition, the relative mechanism are also discussed.     

Effect of post heat treatment on microstructure and photocatalytic activities of TiO2 nanoribbons

Low-dimensional TiO₂ nanoribbons were synthesized by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The TiO₂ nanoribbons were calcined over the temperature range 200-800 °C in order to enhance their photocatalytic properties by altering their crystal phase and increasing crystallization. Effects of hydrothermal temperature, calcinated temperature and calcination time on the formation of nanostructures have been observed and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The (BET) specific surface area of the samples which with different post treatments were determined by N₂ absorption-desorption experiment. In addition, photocatalytic activities of the nanoribbons were evaluated by photodegradation of organic dyes methyl orange under the radiation of UV light. The results reveal that the post-treatments have great effects on the microstructures and the photocatalytic activities of TiO₂ nanoribbons.     

Half-metallic ferromagnetism in rocksalt and zinc-blende MS (M=Li, Na and K): A first-principles study

First-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method is used to investigate the electronic structure and magnetic properties of hypothetical zinc-blende and rocksalt LiS, NaS and KS. We find that all the compounds except rocksalt LiS exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetism with an integer magnetic moment of 1.00 μ_B per formula unit. The ferromagnetism results from the spin-polarization of p states of anion S. Total energies calculations indicate the rocksalt phase is lower in energy than the zinc-blende one. The total energy differences are about 0.38, 0.36 and 0.32 eV per formula unit for LiS, NaS and KS, respectively. Meanwhile, it is shown that rocksalt NaS and KS have the half-metallic gaps of 0.22 and 0.41 eV, respectively, and the half-metallic gaps are 0.03, 0.46 and 0.65 eV for zinc-blende LiS, NaS and KS, respectively. We also find the half-metallicity is robust against the lattice contraction up to 7% and 13% for rocksalt NaS and KS, respectively. Although rocksalt LiS is nonmagnetic and metallic at the equilibrium lattice constant, it shows half-metallic ferromagnetism when the lattice constant is larger than 5.40 Å.