Hydrogen isotope effects in electron donor-acceptor systems

The charge-transfer (CT) transition of complexes involving alkylated aromatic electron donors shifts hypsochromically upon benzylic deuteration. This is attributed to hyperconjugative effects.     

Synthesis of new triphenodithiazine- and indolocarbazolediones of biological interest

Tetrabromo-p-benzoquinone reacted with excess aromatic amines to give 2,5-dirylamino-3,6-dibromo-p-benzoquinones. The latter molecules on heating with sodium sulfide in alcohol in the presence of air gave triphenodithiazinediones. Heating with copper powder in nitrobenzene transformed these compounds into the respective indolocarbazolediones. Comparative antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the studied compounds were determined and discussed.     

Untersuchung der Sekundärstruktur von anodischen Deckschichten auf Aluminium durch Farbstoffaufnahmen

Zusammenfassung Der zeitliche Verlauf der Farbstoffaufnahme an den beiden aufeinanderliegenden Al₂O₃-Schichten bei anodisch oxydiertem Aluminium wird in beiden F?llen durch die „Anlaufparabel“ dargestellt. Die Gültigkeit dieser Gleichung best?tigt die Bildung eines Lackes zwischen dem benutzten Farbstoff und dem Aluminiumoxyd bei beiden Schichten. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante für die erste Schicht desx ₁-Al₂O₃ ist der Stromdichte proportional, mit welcher die Oxydation vorgenommen wurde; für die zweite Schicht desx ₂-Al₂O₃ ist dasK″ unabh?ngig von der Stromdichte. In dem Diagramm desK″ gegen die Stromdichte zeigt sich ein Sprung in den Eigenschaften der beiden Schichten bei 8600 Coul/dm² (9,55 A/dm² · 15 · 60), d.h. an demselben Punkt, an dem er sich auch in der Arbeit (1) gezeigt hatte. Diese Lage des Sprunges best?tigt die Messungen und die Ergebnisse der beiden Arbeiten. Au?erdem wurde so von neuem bewiesen, da? an der Grundschicht anliegendesx ₁-Al₂O₃ por?s ist und infolgedessen die Geschwindigkeit der Farbstoffaufnahme von seiner Gesamtoberfl?che abh?ngt, d. h. von seiner Dicke (1) und deshalb von der Stromdichte. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die daraufliegende Schicht vonx ₂-Al₂O₃ weniger por?s; infolgedessen ist die Geschwindigkeit der Farbstoffaufnahme unabh?ngig von seiner Dicke (1) und von der Stromdichte, mit der die Oxydation durchgeführt worden ist (1). Die Gültigkeit der Arrheniusschen Gleichung für beide Schichten erlaubt auch die Bestimmung der Aktivierungsenergie, deren Wert (identisch für beide Schichten), auf Grund der Theorie der Fehlordnung und der Gültigkeit der Anlaufparabel, den Ablauf einer Platzwechselreaktion beweist. Durch die vorliegende Arbeit im Zusammenhang mit der Arbeit (1) wurde das Bild von der anodischen Oxydation des Aluminiums und von der Farbstoffaufnahme vervollst?ndigt, sowohl vom Standpunkt der Sekund?rstruktur des Oxyds (hier wurde zum erstenmal die Anwesenheit von zwei übereinanderliegenden Oxydschichten in der Zone der Hauptschicht mit deutlich verschiedenen Eigenschaften bewiesen), als auch vom Standpunkt der Reaktionskinetik aus (hier wurde der Reaktionsmechanismus aufgedeckt).     

Characterization of acridone dyes for use in four-decay detection in DNA sequencing

Four acridone dyes and dye-labeled primers were characterized for use in four-decay DNA sequencing. In the four-decay scheme, fluorescence lifetime replaces spectral ("color") selectivity for distinguishing between four base-specific labels in a single-lane capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of the DNA fragments. Prior to the introduction of the acridone dyes, a major obstacle to four-decay detection was the lack of four suitable dyes with resolvable lifetimes. The four acridone dyes, whether free in solution or tethered to DNA primer, exhibit significant differences among their lifetimes and are well-suited to use together in four-decay sequencing. The lifetimes of the four dye-labeled DNA primers that were sequentially injected and detected on-the-fly in a 2% POP6 sequencing gel were 4, 6, 11 and 14 ns. A 405 nm violet laser diode provides optimal excitation of the four dyes.     

Liquid-liquid extraction of cadmium(II) from aqueous thiocyanate solutions with liquid anion-exchangers

An investigation has been made on the system liquid anion-exchanger-Cd(II)-NCS⁻. The influence of the acidity and thiocyanate concentration of the aqueous phase on the extraction has been studied. Using various methods of analysis, it has been shown that the complex anion present in the organic extracts is Cd(NCS) ₄ ²⁻ . Details are given concerning the removal of traces of Zn(II) from Cd(II)-containing solutions, and the quantitative separation of Cd(II) from Cr(III).     

Strain fields at contacts between small particles

Stress fields between interacting small particles ( approximately 100 nm) have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The background for these TEM observations is discussed in terms of adhesion stress fields (due to surface forces), the action of an applied point force, possibly magnetic, and dislocations or misfit strains due to an unfavorable matching of crystal lattices at the grain boundary. A further explanation might be sought along the line "squeezed-in oxide" which can be visualized as a coherent particle or a dislocation loop. Accompanying theoretical calculations have been performed and compared with the experimental results.     

Characterization and pozzolanic activity of thermally treated zeolite

Summary The pozzolanic reactivity of thermally treated zeolites was studied on the basis of the Chapelle test combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform (FTIR) spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The raw zeolite samples are from the Pentalofos area, Thrace, NE Greece. Their main mineral constituent is 'heulandite type-II', an intermediate type of the heulandite-clinoptilolite isomorphous series. Calcination of the samples was carried out up to 400, 500, 600, 700 and 1000°C for 15 h. The changes were recorded using the above methods. The deformation of the zeolite crystal lattice starts at about 400°C and proceeds as the temperature of thermal treatment rises. The thermal treatment of zeolite at 400°C improves its pozzolanic reactivity and accelerates the reaction with Ca(OH)₂.     

Influence of extra-framework cations on the adsorption properties of X-faujasite systems: microcalorimetry and molecular simulations

Isotherms and differential enthalpies of adsorption are obtained for nitrogen at ambient temperature on monovalent (Li(+), Na(+), K(+)) and divalent (Ca(2+), Ba(2+), Sr(2+), Mn(2+)) substituted X-faujasite systems by microcalorimetry measurements. These experimental data are compared with those obtained by combining grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and newly derived force fields for describing the interactions between the extra-framework cations and the adsorbates obtained from a simple model based only on the intrinsic properties of the cations. It is the first time that such good qualitative agreement is reported between experiment and simulation for a series of both monovalent and divalent cations.     

Equilibrium conformations of polymer chains Part II. Conformons in networks

With regard to the ideal network it is shown that the concept ofN non-interacting polymer chains can be transformed in a problem of non interacting excitations (called conformons) for rubber elasticity. Modelling the interaction on permanent crosslinks as a scattering problem and taking the finite chain length into account, an interpretation of the second Mooney coefficient can be given. There is some evidence that the junctions move by constrained self diffusion.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. W. Ruland on the occasion of his 60th birthday.