Mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-coated nano-magnets Fe3O4 for the determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples coupled with liquid chromatography/spectrophotometry detection

Mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-coated nano-magnets Fe3O4 was investigated for the preconcentration of four chlorophenols (CPs) in environmental water samples prior to HPLC-spectrophotometry determination in this paper. By the rapid isolating (about 5 min) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) through placing a Nd-Fe-B strong magnet on the bottom of beaker, the time-consuming preconcentration process of loading large volume sample in conversional SPE method with a column can be avoided. The unique properties of Fe3O4 NPs such as high surface area and strong magnetism were utilized adequately in the SPE process. This novel separation method produced a high preconcentration rate and factor. A comprehensive study of the adsorption conditions such as the Fe3O4 NPs zeta-potential, CTAB added amounts, pH value, standing time and maximal extraction volume was also presented. Under optimized conditions, four analytes of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were quantitatively extracted. The method was then used to determine four CPs in five real environmental water samples. High concentration factors (700) were achieved for each of the analytes, with observed detection limits ranging between 0.11 and 0.15 microg L(-1). The accuracy of method was evaluated by recovery measurements on spiked samples. Good recovery results (83-98%) with satisfactory relative standard deviation (RSD) were achieved. It is important to note that satisfactory preconcentration factors and extraction recoveries for the four CPs were obtained with only a little amount of Fe3O4 NPs (0.1g) and CTAB (60 mg). To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time a mixed hemimicelles SPE method based on Fe3O4 NPs magnetic separation had been used for the pretreatment of environmental water samples.     

BiFeO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-coated spinel LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.5</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> with improved electrochemical performance as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Spinel LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode material is a promising candidate for next-generation rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. In this work, BiFeO₃-coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ materials were prepared via a wet chemical method and the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the materials were studied. The coating of BiFeO₃ has no significant impact on the crystal structure of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄. All BiFeO₃-coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ materials exhibit cubic spinel structure with space group of Fd3m. Thin BiFeO₃ layers were successfully coated on the surface of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ particles. The coating of 1.0 wt% BiFeO₃ on the surface of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ exhibits a considerable enhancement in specific capacity, cyclic stability, and rate performance. The initial discharge capacity of 118.5 mAh g^?1 is obtained for 1.0 wt% BiFeO₃-coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ with very high capacity retention of 89.11% at 0.1 C after 100 cycles. Meanwhile, 1.0 wt% BiFeO₃-coated LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ electrode shows excellent rate performance with discharge capacities of 117.5, 110.2, 85.8, and 74.8 mAh g^?1 at 1, 2, 5, and 10 C, respectively, which is higher than that of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (97.3, 90, 77.5, and 60.9 mAh g^?1, respectively). The surface coating of BiFeO₃ effectively decreases charge transfer resistance and inhibits side reactions between active materials and electrolyte and thus induces the improved electrochemical performance of LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ materials.     

Determination of sugars and alditols in tobacco with high performance anion-exchange chromatography

Sugars, alditols, and alcohols in tobacco products were quantified utilizing a method of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The optimized analytical method can be used to classify different tobaccos and control the quality of tobaccos. To substantiate the applicability of the method, the analysis of 27 tobacco samples with satisfactory linearity, repeatability, and accuracy had been demonstrated. Compared with some other analytical methods for tobacco, the HPAEC-PAD method provided a simple and powerful tool for the analysis of not only sugars but also alcohols in tobacco extracts.     

A型分子筛合成实验——谈大学综合化学实验教学

A型沸石分子筛作为沸石分子筛中经典成员之一,在大学化学课程中均有讲述,但传统的讲授和实验存在学生数量众多、缺乏趣味性及综合性等缺点,本文通过在A型分子筛合成中增添考察"碱度、晶化温度和晶化时间"3个实验变量因素,有目的、有计划、系统地引导学生分析和解决问题,以期达到综合化学实验的目的。     

瑞利散射法研究超声喷流二氧化碳团簇尺度轴向分布

针对特定尺度的小锥喷嘴,用瑞利散射方法研究了超声喷流二氧化碳团簇的瑞利散射信号S和团簇尺度N的轴向分布.实验发现,散射信号强度的对数ln(S)随着轴向距离Z的平方根的增大线性减小,团簇尺度最大位置出现在距喷嘴轴向距离4 mm附近,在背压6—17 bar范围内散射信号S与背压P满足S∝P^3.6—4.2,测量到最大的团簇约为1.6×10⁴分子/团簇. 关键词： 二氧化碳团簇 轴向分布 团簇尺度 瑞利散射     

Flower-like porous hematite nanoarchitectures achieved by complexation-mediated oxidation-hydrolysis reaction

Flower-like porous hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) nanoarchitectures composed of ultra-thin nanoflakes were prepared by annealing the iron oxide precursor formed via the oxidation-hydrolysis reaction between Fe(II) ions and Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (abbreviated as Tris). The microstructure of the prepared FeOOH and hematite samples were fully characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transforming infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. Based on the influences of reactant concentrations, reaction time and reaction temperature on the morphologies of the resultant samples, a formation mechanism of etching was proposed, Fe(II)-Tris complexes were self-assembled via hydrogen bonds into brick-like building blocks, which then aggregated into rudimentary nanoparticles, and the synergistic effect between the crystallization of FeOOH and dissociation of Fe(II)-Tris complexes make the rudimentary nanoparticles evolve into the flower-like products. The as-prepared flower-like α-Fe(2)O(3) nanostructures possessed a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area of 191.63 m(2)g(-1), hierarchical pore distribution ranging from micropores to macropores, and good crystallinity, and excellent visible photocatalysis in terms of removing chemical oxygen demand of dimethyl sulfoxide industrial wastewater. The current work provides a reliable approach for building functional hierarchical nanoarchitectures and the prepared iron oxide nanomaterials demonstrate an excellent ability to remove toxic pollutants in industrial wastewater.     

Enhancement of diosgenin production in Dioscorea zingiberensis cell cultures by oligosaccharides from its endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Dzf17

The effects of the oligosaccharides from the endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Dzf17 as elicitors on diosgenin production in cell suspension cultures of its host Dioscorea zingiberensis were investigated. Three oligosaccharides, DP4, DP7 and DP10, were purified from the oligosaccharide fractions DP2-5, DP5-8 and DP8-12, respectively, which were prepared from the water-extracted mycelial polysaccharide of the endophytic fungus F. oxysporum Dzf17. When the cell cultures were treated with fraction DP5-8 at 20 mg/L on day 26 and harvested on day 32, the maximum diosgenin yield (2.187 mg/L) was achieved, which was 5.65-fold of control (0.387 mg/L). When oligosaccharides DP4, DP7 and DP10 were individually added to 26-day-old D. zingiberensis cell cultures at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/L in medium, DP7 at 6 mg/L was found to significantly enhance diosgenin production, with a yield of 3.202 mg/L, which was 8.27-fold of control. When the cell cultures were treated with DP7 twice on days 24 and 26, and harvested on day 30, both diosgenin content and yield were significantly increased and reached the maximums of 1.159 mg/g dw and 4.843 mg/L, both of which were higher than those of single elicitation, and were 9.19- and 12.38-fold of control, respectively.     

Diterpenoid tanshinones and phenolic acids from cultured hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and their antimicrobial activities

Four diterpenoid tanshinones and three phenolic acids were isolated from the crude ethanol extract of the cultured hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by bioassay-guided fractionation. By means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis, they were identified as tanshinone ΙΙA (1), tanshinone Ι (2), cryptotanshinone (3), dihydrotanshinone Ι (4), rosmarinic acid (5), caffeic acid (6), and danshensu (7). These compounds were evaluated to show a broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity on test microorganisms including eight bacterial and one fungal species. Among the four tanshinones, cryptotanshinone (3) and dihydrotanshinone Ι (4) exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than tanshinone ΙΙA (1) and tanshinone Ι (2). The results indicated that the major portion of the antimicrobial activity was due to the presence of tanshinones and phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots, which could be used as the materials for producing antimicrobial agents for use in agricultural practice in the future.     

Simple and cheap microfluidic devices for the preparation of monodisperse emulsions

Droplet microfluidics, which can generate monodisperse droplets or bubbles in unlimited numbers, at high speed and with complex structures, have been extensively investigated in chemical and biological fields. However, most current methods for fabricating microfluidic devices, such as glass etching, soft lithography in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or assembly of glass capillaries, are usually either expensive or complicated. Here we report the fabrication of simple and cheap microfluidic devices based on patterned coverslips and microscope glass slides. The advantages of our approach for fabricating microfluidic devices lie in a simple process, inexpensive processing equipment and economical laboratory supplies. The fabricated microfluidic devices feature a flexible design of microchannels, easy spatial patterning of surface wettability, and good chemical compatibility and optical properties. We demonstrate their utilities for generation of monodisperse single and double emulsions with highly controllable flexibility.     

裂解气相色谱质谱技术在烟草化学中的应用

综述了裂解–气相色谱–质谱技术及其在烟草化学研究中的应用,包括烟草成分裂解产物研究、烟用香精香料裂解产物研究及烟用辅料和添加剂裂解产物研究,展望了该技术的发展前景。