Chitosan and Whey Protein Bio-Inks for 3D and 4D Printing Applications with Particular Focus on Food Industry

The application of chitosan (CS) and whey protein (WP) alone or in combination in 3D/4D printing has been well considered in previous studies. Although several excellent reviews on additive manufacturing discussed the properties and biomedical applications of CS and WP, there is a lack of a systemic review about CS and WP bio-inks for 3D/4D printing applications. Easily modified bio-ink with optimal printability is a key for additive manufacturing. CS, WP, and WP–CS complex hydrogel possess great potential in making bio-ink that can be broadly used for future 3D/4D printing, because CS is a functional polysaccharide with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and non-carcinogenicity, while CS–WP complex hydrogel has better printability and drug-delivery effectivity than WP hydrogel. The review summarizes the current advances of bio-ink preparation employing CS and/or WP to satisfy the requirements of 3D/4D printing and post-treatment of materials. The applications of CS/WP bio-ink mainly focus on 3D food printing with a few applications in cosmetics. The review also highlights the trends of CS/WP bio-inks as potential candidates in 4D printing. Some promising strategies for developing novel bio-inks based on CS and/or WP are introduced, aiming to provide new insights into the value-added development and commercial CS and WP utilization.     

Exchange reactions in the living cationic polymerization of alkenes

Living cationic polymerization of alkenes is discussed in terms of rapid dynamic equilibration between carbenium ions and either covalent species or onium ions. Rates of exchange between these species have strong effect on polydispersities of the synthesized polymers. In the discussed living systems, rates of exchange are faster than rates of propagation. Propagation proceeds via classic carbocationic mechanism.     

轴流式水轮机三维非定常湍流计算及压力脉动预测

水轮机的稳定性研究是目前工程上大型水轮机组流动分析的重要课题,本文以某水电站的大型轴流转桨式水轮机原型为基础建立计算模型,完成了从蜗壳进口到尾水管出口整个流道的非定常湍流计算,预测了固定导叶进口、转轮后、尾水管进口等多个位置的压力脉动,并利用FFT变换进行分析得到了压力脉动的频率和幅值,探讨了水轮机全流道内压力脉动产生和传播的原理．     

Computational maturation of a single-domain antibody against Aβ42 aggregation

The expansion of structural databases and the increase in computing power are enabling approaches for antibody discovery based on computational design. It has already been shown that it is possible to use this approach to generate antibodies for specific epitopes on challenging targets. Here we describe an application of this procedure for antibody maturation through the computational design of mutational variants of increased potency. We illustrate this procedure in the case of a single-domain antibody targeting an epitope in the N-terminal region of Aβ42, a peptide whose aggregation is closely associated with Alzheimer''s disease. We show that this approach enables the generation of an antibody variant with over 200-fold increased potency against the primary nucleation process in Aβ42 aggregation. Our results thus demonstrate that potentiated antibody variants can be obtained by computational maturation.

A computational maturation method enables the generation of an antibody variant with over 200-fold increased potency against the primary nucleation process in Aβ42 aggregation.     

Environmental Behaviors and Biological Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials: Important Roles of Interfacial Interactions and Dissolved Organic Matter

With the fast development of nanotechnology,reactive engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)are increasingly discharged into the environment,where they interact with environmental components and organisms and thus pose potential risks.The interactions-derived formation of nano-environmental and nano-bio interfaces determines environmental behaviors and biological effects of ENMs,and ubiquitous dissolved organic matter(DOM)is bound to impact the interfacial interactions and the resulted environmental risks.Herein,we systematically investigated adsorptive interactions between ENMs and various DOM representatives,and thereby demonstrated the effects of DOM on the aqueous suspension/aggregation,mobility in porous media,adsorption of contaminants,transformation,and biological accumulation and toxicity of ENMs.Overall,we conclude that natural DOM can in general expand environmental distribution of ENMs while limit their toxicity to organisms.     

毛细管电泳法测定左旋多巴药片的光学纯度

建立了一种毛细管电泳测定左旋多巴药片光学纯度的新方法。D,L-多巴(D,L-dopa)用2,4-二硝基氯苯(CDNB)衍生,以β-环糊精(-βCD)为手性选择剂,在硼砂(pH 9.0)缓冲溶液中进行毛细管电泳手性分离。采用紫外检测,测定波长为220 nm。在测定条件下,对映体分离在9 m in内完成。L-dopa中D-dopa的含量在0.10%~2.0%范围内,与D-dopa的峰面积呈现良好的线性关系。在L-dopa中加入不同量的D-dopa,测得回收率在96%~102%之间,每个样品分别测定3次,其相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.3%。方法用于市售左旋多巴药片的分析,测得左旋多巴药片中D-dopa的含量为0.20%。     

毛细管电泳测定甲芬那酸制剂及体液中的甲芬那酸

建立了制剂和体液中甲芬那酸毛细管电泳高频电导分析法,并用于甲芬那酸胶囊及血清、尿液中甲芬那酸含量的测定。对电泳介质的种类、浓度以及操作电压和进样量等影响因素进行了优化。实验采用3.0 mmol/L环己胺 3.0 mmol/LH3BO3 5.0mmol/Lβ-CD 0.17 mol/L乙醇作为电泳介质,20.0 kV为分离电压,可在7 min内实现对甲芬那酸的分离检测。在优化实验条件下,测定甲芬那酸的线性范围为0.8~550μg/mL,检出限为0.1μg/mL,回收率范围为98.3%~101.0%。     

Facilitated oxygen transport in an ionomer membrane containing cobaltous ions

A new oxygen/nitrogen separation membrane based on an ionomer of sulfonated EPDM (ethylene-propene-diene terpolymer) containing Co²⁺ ions was synthesized and investigated. It was found that the oxygen permeability coefficient and the separation factor for O₂/N₂ of the ionomer membrane are simultaneously enhanced at lower gas pressure difference. This result is believed to be caused by a polymer coordinate complex formed in the ionomer. ESR spectra provided an evidence of the cobalt-oxygen adduct.     

靶向分子羧甲基多糖与DNA作用机理研究

以溴化乙锭(EB)为荧光探针,结合紫外光谱法研究了壳聚糖、羧甲基壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素与DNA的相互作用,药物分子与DNA作用程度可用作用常数D来表示,实验表明: 几种生物多糖与DNA分子的作用强弱顺序为: 壳聚糖＞羧甲基壳聚糖＞羧甲基纤维素;多糖主要以嵌插方式与DNA作用, 使EB-DNA荧光猝灭。     

ICP-MS测定中草药狼毒中稀土和微量元素

研究了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定中草药狼毒中稀土和微量元素的方法,样品处理通过低温灰化方法与硝酸-过氧化氢消解方法比较,实验确认微量元素采用低温灰化法制备样品, 稀土元素采用酸消化法制备样品,可以满足该方法检测要求,具有测试方法准确、快速等优点。 方法的准确度在1.21%～15.15%, 精密度在0.38%～8.54%之间。 该方法完全可以满足中草药样品中稀土和微量元素检测要求。