Mass Spectrometry of Some Benzylidene Imidazolidinediones and Thiazolidinediones. II- chlorobenzyl imidazolidinedione and Fluoro or Chlorobenzyl Thiazolidinedione Compounds

In the present investigation, a study of the electron impact mass spectrometry data is reported for seven compounds of a series of some 3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-benzylidene-imidazolidine-2, 4-diones and 3-(4-fluoro or chlorobenzyl)-5-benzylidene-thiazolidine-2, 4-diones previously synthesized.     

Influence of trace elements supplementation on the production of recombinant frutalin by Pichia pastoris KM71H in fed-batch process

Frutalin, a galactose-specific lectin used to detect specific tumour markers, is a protein with low expression level in breadfruit. In the present study, fed-batch fermentation in a stirred tank bioreactor was used as a strategy to enhance protein production by a recombinant Pichia pastoris KM71H. By using this process, the production of recombinant frutalin was 4-fold higher than the value obtained in shaker flasks batch assays. Supplementation of the fermentation medium with trace elements (Pichia trace minerals, PTM) was also evaluated in order to stimulate production of the recombinant protein. The addition of PTM to the minimum medium afforded a recombinant protein production of 13.4 mg L^?1, which was 2.5-fold higher than that achieved from the culture medium without PTM supplementation. These results are significant as the development of strategies to improve the production of recombinant frutalin may broaden its application in cancer diagnosis.     

Electrochemical Behaviour and Square Wave Voltammetry of the Rice Herbicides Molinate,Bensulfuron-Methyl,Mefenacet and Thiobencarb

Abstract

Cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry were applied to develop an electroanalytical procedure for the determination of a group of herbicides used to treat rice crops: molinate, bensul-ruron-methyl, mefenacet and thiobencarb. The oxidation mechanism causes adsorption problems and consequent poisoning of the electrode surface by the products of the electrochemical reaction. Parameters such as pH, frequency and electrochemical electrode surface treatment were optimized. The analytical methodology developed using square wave voltammetry was applied to the determination of molinate and bensulfuron-methyl in simple or mixed commercial products.     

A Simple Method for Producing Pure (+) trans-1,2-Epoxylimonene

In this paper we report a simple methodology for obtaining (+) trans - 1,2 - epoxylimonene (1b) in high purity (>99% HRGC) and reasonable quantity. The mixture of 1a and 1b in CH₂Cl₂ is stirred with 1M NaHSO₃ in water. Under these conditions 1a is completely destroyed, while 1b is only partially destroyed.     

Study of benznidazole–cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, cytotoxicity and trypanocidal activity

The current chemotherapy for Chagas disease is still based on benznidazole, which has low solubility, but complexation with cyclodextrins provides a way of increasing the solubility. The objective of this work was to characterize the inclusion complexes formed between benznidazole (BNZ) and randomly 2-methyled-β-cyclodextrin (RM-β-CD) in aqueous solution and study cytotoxicity and trypanocidal. BNZ:RM-β-CD solution complex systems were prepared and characterized using the phase solubility diagram, nuclear magnetic resonance and a photostability assays, also to investigate the in vitro trypanocidal activity with epimastigote forms of Trypanossoma cruzi and the study of cytotoxicity against mammal cells. The phase-solubility diagram displayed an A _L-type feature, providing evidence of the formation of soluble inclusion complexes. The continuous variation method showed the existence of a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry. Toxicity assays demonstrated that inclusion complexes were able to reduce the toxic effects caused by benznidazole alone and that this did not interfere with the trypanocidal activity of the benznidazole. The use of inclusion complexes benznidazole:cyclodextrin is thus a promising alternative for the development of a safe and stable liquid formulation and a new option for the treatment of Chagas disease.     

Gated-controlled electron pumping in connected quantum rings

We study the electronic transport across connected quantum rings attached to leads and subjected to time-harmonic side-gate voltages. Using the Floquet formalism, we calculate the net pumped current generated and controlled by the side-gate voltage. The control of the current is achieved by varying the phase shift between the two side-gate voltages as well as the Fermi energy. In particular, the maximum current is reached when the side-gate voltages are in quadrature. This new design based on connected quantum rings controlled without magnetic fields can be easily integrated in standard electronic devices.