硼酸溶液中氯柱硼镁石的溶解及相转化动力学

对氯柱硼镁石（2MgO•2B2O3•MgCl2•14H2O）在4.5％H3BO3水溶液40 ℃的溶解及相转化过程进行了动力学研究.对不同时间取出的液相的化学分析及不同阶段分离固相的鉴定结果表明,该复盐在溶解阶段出现与前所报导不同的同步溶解，最终产物是库水硼镁石（2MgO•3B2O3•15H2O）.提出了库水硼镁石的形成条件和溶解及相转化动力学机理，利用单纯形优化法配合Runge-Kutta微分方程组数值解法对实验数据进行处理，给出了转化结晶动力学方程.     

Synthesis and electronic characterization of bipyridine dithiolate rhodium(III) complexes

Five new mixed diimine 1,1'-dithiolate or dithiocarbamate ligand complexes of the form [Rh(bpy)2(SS)][PF6]n, where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and SS = various substituted dialkyldithiocarbamates or 1,1'-dithiolates, were synthesized from cis-[Rh(bpy)2(OTf)2][OTf]. The triflate ligands are easily displaced by other ligands and allow these syntheses to proceed in high yields (80-90% overall) under relatively mild reaction conditions and to give high purity products. Electrochemistry shows irreversible two-electron reduction of Rh(III) to Rh(I) and a concomitant loss of one bipyridine ligand; this is followed by reversible one-electron reduction of the remaining 2,2'-bipyridine ligand. The electronic characterizations of these complexes are consistent with significant delocalization of the sulfur electron density onto the empty metal d orbitals. The 1,1'-dithiolate ligands induce larger red shifts in the absorption and emission spectra than the dithiocarbamates as the 1,1'-dithiolates have a more extensive conjugation system.     

K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水的影响

以胜利褐煤为研究对象,利用FT-IR等手段,用灰分、不同湿度下的平衡复吸水含量等,系统研究了不同相对湿度下K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+的水合作用对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水含量的影响。结果表明,相同浓度不同类型的金属离子与煤样的交换能力的趋势为Ca2+Na+K+Mg2+。金属离子对胜利褐煤平衡复吸水含量影响力的顺序为Mg2+Ca2+Na+≈K+。相对湿度高时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为游离水分子之间的分子作用力;相对湿度中等时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为金属水簇与毛细管之间的毛细管作用力;相对湿度低时,平衡复吸水含量的主要控制因素为金属离子的水合作用。     

胍盐离子液体捕获CO2温室气体的机理

通过量子力学与分子动力学对胍盐离子液体的模拟表明,胍阳离子与氯负离子之间存在较强的相互作用,其相互作用能约为-109．216kcal／m01．从能量与几何分布可见,两种空间分布方式中最稳定构象为Middle作用模式．径向分布函数也验证了这一结论．C02含量的不断增加并没有对离子液体的结构产生影响,而是被离子液体的空腔捕获．     

Au促进Pt/WO3催化甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇

近年来, 以生物质为基础的生物柴油得到了迅速发展, 导致了粗甘油过剩. 通过甘油选择性氢解制1,3-丙二醇, 进而被用于合成高价值的聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯被认为是最具工业应用潜力的反应之一, 对于提高生物柴油的利用效率有着极其重要的意义. 但由于反应空间位阻和热力学上的限制给甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇带来了很大的挑战, 因此需要设计高活性的金属-酸双功能催化剂以降低甘油第二个C-O键断裂的活化能和减少其他副反应的发生. 目前Pt-W和Ir-Re双功能催化剂可高选择性制得1,3-丙二醇, 但仍需较严苛的反应条件实现对氢气的活化和解离. 本课题组曾将准单原子/单原子Pt高度分散于具有大量氧空位和酸位点的WOx载体上, 十分有利于甘油选择性氢解制1,3-丙二醇反应; 在Au-Pt/WOx催化剂中添加Au可促进B酸产生, 进而提高了甘油转化率和1,3-丙二醇的选择性.为了进一步研究Au对Pt/WOx催化剂结构和催化性能的影响, 本文利用CTAB辅助吸附法制备了Au/WO3, 再浸渍Pt制得Pt/Au/WO3双金属催化剂. 在甘油选择性氢解制1,3-丙二醇反应中, 所制催化剂表现出比Au-Pt/WOx更好的催化活性, 1,3-丙二醇时空收率为0.078 g1,3-PDO/(gcat·h), 是后者的1.95倍. 值得一提的是, Au-Pt/WOx催化剂在低压时活性较高, 而Pt/Au/WO3催化剂活性则在压力的升高而提高; 另外反应温度的升高导致副产物正丙醇的选择性上升, 1,3-丙二醇的选择性降低. 因此, 适宜的反应条件为155℃和5 MPa. 与Pt/WO3和Pt/WOx相比, Pt/Au/WO3表现出了更优异的催化性能, 其1,3-丙二醇的时空收率是Pt/WO3的2.36倍和Pt/WOx的4倍.为了探究Au的掺入对Pt/WOx催化剂性能的影响, 通过XRD, TEM, H2-TPR和XPS等技术对催化剂进行了深入表征. 结果表明, 与Pt/WO3相比, Pt/Au/WO3-600催化剂的XRD衍射峰向小角度偏移, 其原因是Au3+离子半径(0.85 ?)比W6+的(0.60 ?)大, Au3+以取代晶格W6+形式进入WO3晶格中; 对H2-TPR前300 ℃耗氢量的计算可知:Pt/WO3可被还原至Pt/WO2.96, 而Pt/Au/WO3可被还原至Pt/Au/WO2.91. 因此与Pt/WO3相比, Pt/Au/WO3表面氧空位更加丰富. TEM和XPS表征可知, 添加0.1 wt%Au后, 促进了更低价态的Pt均匀分散在WO3载体上, 其平均粒径为2.36 nm.综上所述, Au的掺杂改变了Pt/Au/WO3双金属催化剂的结构, 不仅降低了Pt和W的还原温度, 削弱了Pt和W之间的相互作用, 也促进了更低价态的Pt均匀分散于WO3载体上, 使得Pt/Au/WO3双金属催化剂在甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇反应中具有更为优异的活性和产物选择性. 该催化剂有望被广泛运用于其他生物质平台化合物加氢脱氧的反应中.     

High Crystalline Prussian White Nanocubes as a Promising Cathode for Sodium‐ion Batteries

Prussian blue and its analogues (PBAs) have been recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials for room‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we report high crystalline and Na‐rich Prussian white Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ nanocubes synthesized by an optimized and facile co‐precipitation method. The influence of crystallinity and sodium content on the electrochemical properties was systematically investigated. The optimized Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ nanocubes exhibited an initial capacity of 151 mA h g^?1, which is close to its theoretical capacity (170 mA h g^?1). Meanwhile, the Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ cathode demonstrated an outstanding long‐term cycle performance, retaining 78 % of its initial capacity after 500 cycles. Furthermore, the Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ Prussian white nanocubes also achieved a superior rate capability (115 mA h g^?1 at 400 mA g^?1, 92 mA h g^?1 at 800 mA g^?1). The enhanced performances could be attributed to the robust crystal structure and rapid transport of Na ions through large channels in the open‐framework. Most noteworthy, the as‐prepared Na₂CoFe(CN)₆ nanocubes are not only low‐cost in raw materials but also contain a rich sodium content (1.87 Na ions per lattice unit cell), which will be favorable for full cell fabrication and large‐scale electric storage applications.     

Highly Emissive Fused Heterocyclic Alkynylgold(III) Complexes for Multiple Color Emission Spanning from Green to Red for Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices

A new class of fused heterocyclic tridentate ligand‐containing alkynylgold(III) complexes with tunable emission color has been successfully designed and synthesized. Structural modification of the σ‐donating fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands, including substituted fluorene, carbazole, and triphenylamine, enables a large spectral shift of about 110 nm (ca. 3310 cm^?1) that covers the green to red region to be realized with the same tridentate ligand‐containing alkynylgold(III) complexes in solid‐state thin films. Interestingly, the energy of the excimeric emission can be controlled by the rational design of the fused heterocyclic alkynyl ligands. Superior solution‐processable organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) with high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 12.2, 13.5, 9.3, and 5.2 % were obtained with green, yellow, orange, and red emission. These high EQE values are comparable to those of the vacuum‐deposited OLEDs based on structurally related alkynylgold(III) complexes.     

Monochalcoplatin: An Actively Transported,Quickly Reducible,and Highly Potent PtIV Anticancer Prodrug

Recently, Pt^IV prodrugs have attracted much attention as the next generation of platinum‐based antineoplastic drug candidates. Here we report the discovery and evaluation of monochalcoplatin, a monocarboxylated Pt^IV prodrug that is among the most cytotoxic Pt^IV prodrugs to date. Compared with its dicarboxylated counterpart chalcoplatin, monochalcoplatin accumulates astonishingly effectively and rapidly in cancer cells, which is not ascribed to its lipophilicity. The prodrug is quickly reduced, causes DNA damage, and induces apoptosis, resulting in superior cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ values in the nanomolar range in both cisplatin‐sensitive and ‐resistant cells; these IC₅₀ values are up to 422‐fold higher than that of cisplatin. A detailed mechanistic study reveals that monochalcoplatin actively enters cells through a transporter‐mediated process. Moreover, monochalcoplatin shows significant antitumor activity in an in vivo colorectal tumor model. Our study implies a practical strategy for the design of more effective Pt^IV prodrugs to conquer drug resistance by tuning both cellular uptake pathways and activation processes.     

Synergistic effects of ammonium polyphosphate and red phosphorus with expandable graphite on flammability and thermal properties of HDPE/EVA blends

In this work, the flame‐retardant high‐density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl‐acetate copolymer (HDPE/EVA) composites have been prepared by using expandable graphite (EG) as a flame retardant combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and red phosphorus masterbatch (RPM) as synergists. The synergistic effects of these additives on the flammability behaviors of the filled composites have been investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL‐94 test, cone calorimeter test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that APP and RPM are good synergists for improving the flame retardancy of EG‐filled HDPE/EVA composites. The data from TGA and FTIR spectra also indicate the synergistic effects of APP and RPM with EG considerably enhance the thermal degradation temperatures but decrease the charred residues of the HDPE/EVA/EG composites because the flame‐retardant mechanism has changed. The morphological observations present positive evidences that the synergistic effects take place in APP and RPM with EG in flame‐retardant EG‐filled HDPE/EVA/EG composites. The formation of stable and compact charred residues promoted by APP and RPM with EG acts as effective heat barriers and thermal insulations, which improves the flame‐retardant performances and prevents the underlying polymer materials from burning. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Substituted Purine Derivatives

A series of novel N‐substituted‐2‐(6‐morpholino‐9H‐purin‐9‐yl)acetamide and 4‐(9‐((5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole/thiadiazole‐2‐yl)methyl)‐9H‐purin‐6‐yl)‐morpholine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated their antibacterial activities against rice bacterial leaf blight and tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) via the turbidimeter test in vitro. Antibacterial bioassay indicated that most compounds demonstrated good inhibitory effect against Xoo and R. solanacearum. Especially, compound 6a demonstrated the best inhibitory effect against Xoo with half‐maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) value of 8.39 μg/mL, which was even better than those of commercial agents Bismerthiazol and Thiodiazole copper. The synthesized purine derivatives containing amide and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole/thiadiazole moieties exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and R. solanacearum in vitro.