A Simple Route to Produce Highly Efficient Porous Carbons Recycled from Tea Waste for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes

High-performance porous carbons derived from tea waste were prepared by hydrothermal treatment, combined together with KOH activation. The heat-treatment-processed materials possess an abundant hierarchical structure, with a large specific surface of 2235 m² g⁻¹ and wetting-complemental hydrophilicity for electrolytes. In a two-electrode system, the porous carbon electrodes’ built-in supercapacitor exhibited a high specific capacitance of 256 F g⁻¹ at 0.05 A g⁻¹, an excellent capacitance retention of 95.4% after 10,000 cycles, and a low leakage current of 0.014 mA. In our work, the collective results present that the precursor crafted from the tea waste can be a promising strategy to prepare valuable electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors, which offers a practical strategy to recycle biowastes into manufactured materials in energy storage applications.     

Preface: Mechanics of soft materials and flexible structures

Acta Mechanica Sinica -     

农药辛硫磷的密度泛函理论计算及拉曼光谱分析

辛硫磷(Phoxim)是一种高效、低毒、低残留有机磷杀虫剂,能抑制胆碱酯酶活性.辛硫磷的分子构型用Gauss View 5.0构造,理论计算采用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)的B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p)基组计算农药辛硫磷的拉曼光谱,实验上则采用分辨率为2 cm~(-1)的三级显微拉曼光谱检测仪对辛硫磷-甲醇溶液,辛硫磷乳油进行拉曼光谱检测.将理论拉曼光谱与实验拉曼光谱进行对比,其中有几个对应比较一致的拉曼光谱峰分别位于667, 745, 997, 1025, 1298, 1588 cm~(-1)处.首次报道了辛硫磷的拉曼光谱,同时对辛硫磷在600～1800 cm~(-1)区间的拉曼光谱进行了指认,指出了其在相应的频移位置产生较强拉曼光谱的分子振荡模式.     

Noninvasive Temperature Measurement in Dental Materials Using Nd3+, Yb3+ Doped Nanoparticles Emitting in the Near Infrared Region

In this work, the application of near infrared (NIR)-emitting NaYbF₄:1%Tm³⁺@NaLuF₄:30%Nd³⁺ core–shell nanoparticles is reported for noninvasive probing and monitoring the temperature during photopolymerization of dental materials. When excited at 808 nm, the synthesized nanoparticles emit NIR photoluminescence (PL) with two distinctive peaks at 865 and 980 nm which correspond to radiative transitions from the doped Nd³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions, respectively. Luminescence intensity ratio between these two bands is found to vary with temperature due to temperature-dependent electronic excitation energy transfer between Nd³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions at the core/shell interface. This finding allows luminescence ratiometric evaluation of the in situ temperature during photopolymerization of resin cement (doped with nanoparticles) in a veneer placement procedure. In addition, the NIR emission also enables PL imaging of the distribution of the adhesive under the veneer. The results highlight that rare-earth ions–doped nanoparticles with both excitation and emission in the NIR spectral range are advantageous for both PL-based nanothermometry and imaging due to the reduced attenuation of NIR light by dental ceramics.     

Design of diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber polarization filter based on surface plasma resonance effect

A novel plasmonic polarization filter based on the diamond-shape photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is proposed. The resonant coupling characteristics of the PCF polarization filter are investigated by the full-vector finite-element method. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the PCF, when the fiber length is 5 mm, the polarization filter has a bandwidth of 990 nm and an extinction ratio(ER) of lower than -20 dB. Moreover, a single wavelength polarization filter can also be achieved, along with an ER of -279.78 dB at wavelength 1.55 μm. It is believed that the proposed PCF polarization filter will be very useful in laser and optical communication systems.     

Paraxial propagation of cosh-Airy vortex beams in chiral medium

Propagation dynamics of the cosh-Airy vortex(CAiV) beams in a chiral medium is investigated analytically with Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral formula. The results show that the CAiV beams are split into the left circularly polarized vortex(LCPV) beams and the right circularly polarized vortex(RCPV) beams with different propagation trajectories in the chiral medium. We mainly investigate the effect of the cosh parameter on the propagation process of the CAiV beams.The propagation characteristics, including intensity distribution, propagation trajectory, peak intensity, main lobe's intensity, Poynting vector, and angular momentum are discussed in detail. We find that the cosh parameter affects the intensity distribution of the CAiV beams but not its propagation trajectory. As the cosh parameter increases, the distribution areas of the LCPV and RCPV beams become wider, and the side lobe's intensity and peak intensity become larger. Besides, the main lobe's intensity of the LCPV and RCPV beams increase with the increase of the cosh parameter at a farther propagation distance, which is confirmed by the variation trend of the Poynting vector. It is significant that we can vary the cosh parameter to control the intensity distribution, main lobe's intensity, and peak intensity of the CAiV beams without changing the propagation trajectory. Our results may provide some support for applications of the CAiV beams in optical micromanipulation.     

驻波声场中单分散细颗粒的相互作用特性

利用外加声场促进悬浮在气相中的细颗粒发生相互作用,进而引起颗粒的碰撞和凝并,使得颗粒平均粒径增大、数目浓度降低,是控制细颗粒排放的重要技术途径.为探究驻波声场中单分散细颗粒的相互作用,建立包含曳力、重力、声尾流效应的颗粒相互作用模型,采用四阶经典龙格-库塔算法和二阶隐式亚当斯插值算法对模型进行求解.将数值模拟得到的颗粒声波夹带速度和相互作用过程与相应的解析解和实验结果进行对比,验证模型的准确性.进而研究颗粒初始条件和直径对相互作用特性的影响.结果表明,初始时刻颗粒中心连线越接近声波波动方向、颗粒位置越接近波腹点,颗粒间的声尾流效应就越强,颗粒发生碰撞所需要的时间就越短.研究还发现,颗粒直径对颗粒相互作用的影响取决于初始时刻颗粒中心连线偏离声波波动方向的程度.当偏离较小时,颗粒直径越大,颗粒发生碰撞所需要的时间越短;当偏离很大时,直径较小的颗粒能够发生碰撞,而直径较大的颗粒则无法发生碰撞.     

茶汤及河水中铬的形态分析

本文采用７１７型强碱性阴离子交换树脂、活性炭分离富集与偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法结合，研究了铬形态的分离及测定，提出了铬的形态分析方法，有此法测定了茶汤及河水中铬的总量，悬浮态．溶解态、无机态、有机态、Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）和Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）。茶汤中铬主要以有机态存在，而河水中铬则主要以悬浮态存在。     

Application of Short-wave Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Controlling Extract of Fructus Cnidii Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Fructus cnidii （Chinese name shechuangzi） is the fruit produced by Cnidium monnieri （L.） Cusson （Umbelliferae）. It is a perennial herb that is used to treat skin-related diseases and gynecopathyell. Recent pharmacological studies have revealed crude extracts or components isolated from fructus cnidii possess antiallergic, antipruritic, antidermatophytic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiosteoporotic activities. Osthole and imperatorin are the major compounds present in shechuangzi. They are often used as standards for the evaluation of the quality of shechuangzi products.     

D-氨基葡萄糖Schiff碱及其金属配合物的抗菌活性

The effects of D-glucosamine schiff base and its metal complexes on the growth of Aerobacter aerogenes were investigated by the microcalorimetry. Among the substances tested. Zn-SG was shown to be the most bacteriostasic, followed by Zn-o-VG and SG (with the Ic50 of 242, 287 and 320 μg•mL-1, respectively). Cu(Ⅱ)-SG showed less inhibitory effect on Aerobacter aerogenes over the concentration rang of 50~300μg•mL-1.