Bottom‐Up Fabrication of a Sandwich‐Like Carbon/Graphene Heterostructure with Built‐In FeNC Dopants as Non‐Noble Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

High‐performance non‐noble electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are the prerequisite for large‐scale utilization of fuel cells. Herein, a type of sandwiched‐like non‐noble electrocatalyst with highly dispersed FeN_x active sites embedded in a hierarchically porous carbon/graphene heterostructure was fabricated using a bottom‐up strategy. The in situ ion substitution of Fe³⁺ in a nitrogen‐containing MOF (ZIF‐8) allows the Fe‐heteroatoms to be uniformly distributed in the MOF precursor, and the assembly of Fe‐doped ZIF‐8 nano‐crystals with graphene‐oxide and in situ reduction of graphene‐oxide afford a sandwiched‐like Fe‐doped ZIF‐8/graphene heterostructure. This type of heterostructure enables simultaneous optimization of FeN_x active sites, architecture and interface properties for obtaining an electron‐catalyst after a one‐step carbonization. The synergistic effect of these factors render the resulting catalysts with excellent ORR activities. The half‐wave potential of 0.88 V vs. RHE outperforms most of the none‐noble metal catalyst and is comparable with the commercial Pt/C (20 wt %) catalyst. Apart from the high activity, this catalyst exhibits excellent durability and good methanol‐tolerance. Detailed investigations demonstrate that a moderate content of Fe dopants can effectively increase the intrinsic activities, and the hybridization of graphene can enhance the reaction kinetics of ORR. The strategy proposed in this work gives an inspiration towards developing efficient noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts for ORR.     

An adaptive evaluation mechanism for online traders

Economic agents in electronic markets generally consider reputation to be a significant factor in selecting trading partners. Most traditional online businesses publish reputation profile for traders that reflect average of the ratings received in previous transactions. Because of the importance of these ratings, there is an incentive for traders to partake in strategic behavior (for example shilling) to artificially inflate their rating. It is therefore important for an online business to be able to provide a robust estimate of a trader’s reputation that is not easily affected by strategic behavior or noisy ratings. This paper proposes such an adaptive ratings-based reputation model. The model is based on a trader’s transaction history, witness testimony, and other weighting factors. Learning is integrated to make the ratings model adaptive and robust in a dynamic environment. To validate the proposed model and to demonstrate the significance of its constructs, a multi-agent system is built to simulate the interactions among buyers and sellers in an electronic marketplace. The performance of the proposed model is compared to that of the reputation model used in most online marketplaces like Amazon, and to Huynh’s model proposed in the literature.     

酸性Fe-SiO2催化剂制备及其photo-Fenton催化性能

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源, 十二烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂, 在不同铁源和酸激活条件下合成Fe-SiO₂复合氧化物. 采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶转换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对催化剂表面形貌、活性组分分散性和表面基团进行分析. 研究了不同酸性Fe-SiO₂催化剂(FS)在可见光照射下photo-Fenton降解直接大红4BS的活性. 结果表明: 以硫酸亚铁为铁源制备的催化剂所含骨架Fe的分散性能优于硝酸铁为铁源获得的催化剂, 但后者表面活性位数和酸量却高于前者. 在初始pH＝6.0时, FS/1和FS/6两种Fe-SiO₂催化剂均能在120 min使100 mg/L直接大红4BS几乎完全脱色, 且矿化程度分别高达79%与99%. 动力学拟合证明, 该酸催化过程可以看作一级与二级反应联合作用的结果. 对上述两种催化剂的溶剂浸取稳定性和铁离子泄漏测试显示, 催化剂可能实现较长时间稳定运行.     

基于四步相移光栅投影的三维形貌测量系统

为了实现对具有明显跳变面物体的轮廓测量,建立了四步相移光栅投影的三维形貌测量系统,并对所采用的四步相移测量算法进行研究。在介绍四步相移原理的基础上以有明显跳变面的三棱锥橡皮块为例,建立针对明显跳变面的测量算法。通过对4幅相移图算术求和并除以4得到平均灰度图;将平均灰度图二值化处理定位明显跳变面或阴影部分;将二值化图像与包裹相位图卷积,而后对包裹相位图进行解包裹,从而得到正确的连续相位,最终获取物体三维形貌。根据上述算法测量三棱锥的三维形貌并计算其体积,测量实验表明:被测物的体积平均相对精度为0.47%。     

天然产物Echinoclathrines A的全合成

Echinoclathrines A是海洋天然产物.首次完成了Echinoclathrines A的全合成,反应总共4步,总收率为12%.该全合成的关键步骤是钯催化的芳基氯与2-甲基-4-吡啶硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应.     

A branch and bound algorithm for scheduling jobs with controllable processing times on a single machine to meet due dates

In most deterministic scheduling problems, job-processing times are regarded as constant and known in advance. However, in many realistic environments, job-processing times can be controlled by the allocation of a common resource to jobs. In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling jobs with arbitrary release dates and due dates on a single machine, where job-processing times are controllable and are modeled by a non-linear convex resource consumption function. The objective is to determine simultaneously an optimal processing permutation as well as an optimal resource allocation, such that no job is completed later than its due date, and the total resource consumption is minimized. The problem is strongly NP\mathcal{NP}-hard. A branch and bound algorithm is presented to solve the problem. The computational experiments show that the algorithm can provide optimal solution for small-sized problems, and near-optimal solution for medium-sized problems in acceptable computing time.     

平地机牵引架等效加载分析

为研究平地机牵引架的作业负载,分析了平地机最大牵引力及平地机铲刀作用阻力．通过研究工作装置各部件间的运动幅关系,构建了工作装置机构运动简图,建立了工作装置运动坐标系．利用空间坐标系变换理论,将等效铲刀工作负载施加于牵引架上．基于Mechanical APDL及有限元分析理论,对牵引架的Pro/E实体模型进行网格划分．以平地机受最大牵引力作用时的铲刀斜向刮土为例,进行了牵引架静力强度分析．结果表明,牵引架强度在许用强度范围内,经等效加载后的牵引架应力分布与工程实际相符．该工作负载等效方法有效并可简化复杂工况的牵引架受载分析．     

湍流边界层中固体颗粒运动的数值模拟

根据Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ颗粒运动微分方程及不可压缩湍流边界层中流体的壁面速度分布规律，数值求解了颗粒在湍流边界层中的运动，考虑了Ｓａｆｆｍａｎ升为对颗粒运动的影响，壁面对运动阻力的影响，给出了固体颗粒沉积边壁，在边界层外缘上所需的最小速度和最小入射角，计算结果还表明边界层对固体颗粒撞击边壁的速度和入射角有较大影响，从数值结果可可以发现一个重要现象。     

Lagrangian model on the turbulent motion of small solid particle in turbulent boundary layer flows

.Intr0ductionSurfaceerosionofmaterialbysolid-particleimpactisanimportantprobleminmultiphaseflowindustriaIdevicesandthecharacteristicsoftheparticIe'smotioninaturbulentboundarylayerflowisthebaseofthestudyofthematerialsurfaceerosion.Manycalculationmodelshave…     

Research Note Difference between low-volume and high-volume Andersen samplers in measuring atmospheric aerosols

The mass concentration and size distribution of aerosols in Tokaimura were investigated using a high-volume and a low-volume Andersen sampler. A difference was found using the two samplers: the concentration of total aerosols determined with the high-volume sampler is smaller than that of the low-volume sampler by 70-90% throughout the year. Compared to the high-volume sampler, low-volume sampler gave lower concentration for aerosols7μm, higher concentration for aerosols of 3.3-7.0μm and<1.1μm, though similar results for aerosols of 1.1-3.3μm. The low-volume sampler was found to have better separation efficiency and higher accuracy.