锂离子电池凝胶聚合物电解质改性的研究现状

从目前凝胶聚合物电解质的研究现状及问题出发,重点介绍了两种改性凝胶聚合物电解质的方法。无机纳米粒子复合凝胶聚合物电解质能够降低结晶型聚合物的结晶度,提高其离子电导率,改善其力学性能和稳定性;多孔凝胶聚合物电解质能够实现在较宽的温度范围内能保持较高的离子电导率和较好的机械强度及尺寸稳定性。最后,对凝胶聚合物电解质的改性研究方向作出了展望。     

土家族药物天葵化石汤提取液抑制草酸钙结石形成的化学模拟

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射法(XRD)研究了土家族药物天葵化石汤(Tiankui)的提取液对尿石晶体草酸钙(CaOxa)成核、生长的抑制作用及其对二水草酸钙(COD)的稳定作用. 当Tiankui浓度小于30 mg/mL时, 主要生成一水草酸钙(COM), 但可使COM晶体棱角圆钝. 随着Tiankui浓度增加至45和75 mg/mL, 可分别诱导95%和100%的COD晶体生成. Tiankui还可以稳定COD在水溶液中的存在, 没有Tiankui存在时, COD在48 h内全部转化为COM晶体, 而在12 mg/mL Tiankui存在下, COD仅有20%转化. 从Tiankui提取液的活性组分、与草酸钙不同晶相间的吸附差异、化学配位等角度讨论了其抑制CaOxa生长和诱导稳定COD的化学基础.     

水介质中N-芳基-N'-(2-苯并呋喃甲酰基)硫脲及1-芳甲酰基-4-(2'-苯并呋喃甲酰基)氨基硫脲的合成

苄基三乙基氯化铵(TEBA)存在的水介质中, 2-苯并呋喃甲酰氯、硫氰酸铵与芳胺或芳甲酰肼在室温条件下经一步反应合成N-芳基-N'-(2-苯并呋喃甲酰基)硫脲或1-芳甲酰基-4-(2'-苯并呋喃甲酰基)氨基硫脲, 其中前者尚未见文献报道. 与其它合成方法相比, 该法操作简单、反应条件温和、环境友好.     

AucorePtshell础纳米粒子对甲醇氧化的电催化性能研究

应用两步化学还原法制备不同厚度的AucorePtshell纳米粒子，经紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征．该金纳米颗粒经化学还原包裹铂后平均粒径明显增大，调节金与铂的含量可获得不同包裹厚度的AucorePtshell纳米粒子．循环伏安法研究表明，粒径为70-80nm的AucorePtshell纳米粒子对甲醇的氧化具有较好的电催化活性，并且其电催化性能随着电位循环扫描次数的增加而增强．     

沉积物中壬基苯酚类雌性激素化合物的加速溶剂提取方法研究

为了同时提取和检测沉积物中的雌性激素化合物对壬基苯酚(NP)、对壬基苯酚一乙氧醚(NP1EO)和对壬基苯酚二乙氧醚(NP2EO),对加速溶剂提取体系的各种条件和对壬基苯酚类化合物的硅烷基化反应条件等进行了优化。在丙酮和丙酮-二氯甲烷混合液(丙酮含量≥60%)介质中,这些化合物的硅烷基化反应很快达到反应终点。加速溶剂提取体系的最佳提取条件是120℃、8.4MPa、两次循环提取;最佳提取溶剂是二氯甲烷。与索氏提取和酸化悬浮液液提取比较,明显提高了提取率、重现性和准确性。平均添标回收率在89.3%~95.7%之间,相对标准偏差为2.3%~13.4%。本方法对壬基苯酚、对壬基苯酚一乙氧醚和对壬基苯酚二乙氧醚化合物的检出限分别为10、30、35ng/gdw(干重)。     

迁移管的电场强度对真空紫外电离-离子迁移谱仪性能的影响

离子迁移管是离子迁移谱仪的核心部分,它用来产生均匀的电场,以使不同迁移率的离子进行分离。本研究以丙酮为例,详细研究了本课题组所研制的真空紫外电离源-离子迁移谱仪中迁移管的电场参数对离子的灵敏度和分辨率的影响,发现电压的增大灵敏度增大,但是分辨率存在一个最佳的电压,这些结果可用于迁移谱的优化设计。     

微波萃取高效液相色谱法测定口红中芳香胺类化合物

利用微波萃取高效液相色谱法测定了口红中芳香胺类化合物.先将口红涂于玻璃片上,然后用微波萃取和高效液相色谱法测定萃取液中的芳香胺类化合物.研究了3种市售口红并得到了芳香胺类化合物的定量测定结果.考察了微波萃取的条件,并将薄层色谱等萃取分离方法和微波萃取法进行了比较,证明微波萃取法在萃取膏状物和蜡状物中的组分时,具有比其它方法更加方便、快速等优点.     

Preparation and application of the sol-gel-derived acrylate/silicone co-polymer coatings for headspace solid-phase microextraction of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide in soil

Three types of novel acrylate/silicone co-polymer coatings, including co-poly(methyl acrylate/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil) (MA/OH-TSO), co-poly(methyl methacrylate/OH-TSO) (MMA/OH-TSO) and co-poly(butyl methacrylate/OH-TSO) (BMA/OH-TSO), were prepared for the first time by sol-gel method and cross-linking technology and subsequently applied to headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a surrogate of mustard, in soil. The underlying mechanisms of the coating process were discussed and confirmed by IR spectra. The selectivity of the three types of sol-gel-derived acrylate/silicone coated fibers was studied, and the BMA/OH-TSO coated fibers exhibited the highest extraction ability to CEES. The concentration of BMA and OH-TSO in sol solution was optimized, and the BMA/OH-TSO (3:1)-coated fibers possessed the highest extraction efficiency. Compared with commercially available polyacrylate (PA) fiber, the sol-gel-derived BMA/OH-TSO (3:1) fibers showed much higher extraction efficiency to CEES. Therefore, the BMA/OH-TSO (3:1)-coated fibers were chosen for the analysis of CEES in soil matrix. The reproducibility of coating preparation was satisfactory, with the RSD 2.39% within batch and 3.52% between batches, respectively. The coatings proved to be quite stable at high temperature (to 350 degrees C) and in different solvents (organic or inorganic), thus their lifetimes (to 150 times) are longer than conventional fibers. Extraction parameters, such as the volume of water added to the soil, extraction temperature and time, and the ionic strength were optimized. The linearity was from 0.1 to 10 microg/g, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.7 ng/g, and the RSD was 2.19%. The recovery of CEES was 88.06% in agriculture soil, 92.61% in red clay, and 101.95% in sandy soil, respectively.     

个旧超大型锡多金属矿稀土元素地球化学特征

对比研究了个旧不同类型岩(矿)石(蚀变花岗岩、钙质泥岩、大理岩、矽卡岩矿石、层状矿石和脉状矿石)的稀土元素、微量元素地球化学特征,借以示踪不同类型矿床的成矿物质来源。研究表明不同类型矿石中的稀土元素配分曲线较为相似,成矿物质具有同源性,并与本区的花岗岩具有一定的成因联系。由于其成矿方式的不同,不同类型矿石中的稀土元素特征和矿物组合特征略有差异,脉状矿石和层状矿石中稀土含量相对较少且富集轻稀土,而矽卡岩矿石中稀土含量相对较多且轻、重稀土的含量变化较大。     

Identification of Different Cobalt Nucleation on Glassy Carbon

The nucleation mechanisms of cobalt from sulfate solutions were studied by utilizing the electrochemical technique, chronoamperometry. It was found that the recorded current-time transients introduced from 1.0mol/L CoSO4 solution were complexes with unusual shapes. All characteristic features were identified as separate process. The instantaneous or progressive nucleation with 2D or 3D growth exists during the cobalt deposition, depending on the applied potentials.