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71.
The energy loss of the multi-stage centrifugal pump was investigated by numerical analysis using the entropy generation method with the RNG k-ε turbulence model. Entropy generation due to time-averaged motion and velocity fluctuation was mainly considered. It was found that the entropy generation of guide vanes and impellers account for 71.2% and 23.3% of the total entropy generation under the designed flow condition. The guide vanes are the main hydraulic loss domains and their entropy generation is about 9 W/K, followed by impellers. There are vortices at the tongue of the guide vane inlet as well as flow separations in the impellers, which lead to entropy generation. The fluid impacts the outer surface of the guide vanes, resulting in the increase in entropy generation. There are refluxes near the guide vane tongues which also increase the entropy generation of this part. The entropy generation distribution of the guide vanes and impellers was investigated, which found that the positive guide vane has more entropy generation compared with the reverse guide. The entropy generation of the blade suction surface is higher compared with the pressure surface. This study indicated that the entropy generation method has distinct advantages in the assessment of hydraulic loss. 相似文献
72.
Mingzhu Du Shuanghong Yang Tong Jiang Tingting Liang Ying Li Shuzhen Cai Qingping Wu Jumei Zhang Wei Chen Xinqiang Xie 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(14)
Expression and purification of β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium provide a new resource for efficient lactose hydrolysis and lactose intolerance alleviation. Here, we cloned and expressed two β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium. The optimal pH for BLGLB1 was 5.5, and the optimal temperature was 45 °C, at which the enzyme activity of BLGLB1 was higher than that of commercial enzyme E (300 ± 3.6 U/mg) under its optimal conditions, reaching 2200 ± 15 U/mg. The optimal pH and temperature for BPGLB1 were 6.0 and 45 °C, respectively, and the enzyme activity (0.58 ± 0.03 U/mg) under optimum conditions was significantly lower than that of BLGLB1. The structures of the two β-galactosidase were similar, with all known key sites conserved. When o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (oNPG) was used as an enzyme reaction substrate, the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) for BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 3700 ± 100 U/mg and 1.1 ± 0.1 U/mg, respectively. The kinetic constant (Km) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1.9 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively. The respective catalytic constant (kcat) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1700 ± 40 s−1 and 0.5 ± 0.02 s−1, respectively; the respective kcat/Km value of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 870 L/(mmol∙s) and 0.36 L/(mmol∙s), respectively. The Km, kcat and Vmax values of BLGLB1 were superior to those of earlier reported β-galactosidase derived from Bifidobacterium. Overall, BLGLB1 has potential application in the food industry. 相似文献
73.
74.
An understanding of the particle transport characteristics in a branched network helps to predict the particle distribution and prevent undesired plugging in various engineering systems.Quantitative analysis of particle flow characteristics is challenging in that experiments are expensive and particle flow is difficult to detect without disturbing the flow.To overcome this difficulty,man-made fractal tree-like branched networks were built,and a coupled computational fluid dynamic and discrete element method model was applied.A series of numerical simulations was carried out to analyze the influence of fractal structure parameters of networks on the particle flow characteristics.The joint influence of inertial,shunt capacity and superposition from upstream branches on particle flow was investigated.The injection position at the inlet determined the particle velocity and its future flow path.The particle density ratio,particle size and bifurcation angle had a greater influence on the shunting of K2 branches than that in the K1 level and Nk22/Nk21 reached a maximum at 60°.Compared with a network with an even number of branches,there was a preferential branch when the branch number was odd.The preferential branch effect or asymmetry degree of the level(K2)branches had a more significant impact on particle shunting than that from the upstream branches(K1). 相似文献
75.
利用长光程比色池 流动注射系统快速测定水样中的微量挥发酚.该方法的检出限为0.232 μg·L-1,相对标准偏差小于0.553%,相对误差小于0.185%,样品加标回收率在91.0%~99.8%,且标准曲线具有良好线性(r =0.999 9).与传统国标方法(《水质挥发酚的测定4-氨基安替比林分光光度法》,HJ503-2009)相比,样品浓度测定偏差为2.59%~8.25%,在分析速率上,传统的国标方法约为5个·h-1,而该方法分析速率达24个·h-1,能满足大批量样品连续准确测定的要求,特别适合事故性的应急监测. 相似文献
76.
77.
基于密度泛函理论的爬坡弹性带方法,对金红石相二氧化钛晶体中钛间隙、钛空位、氧间隙、氧空位4种本征缺陷的扩散特征进行了研究.对比4种本征缺陷在晶格内部沿不同扩散路径的过渡态势垒后发现,缺陷扩散过程呈现出明显的各向异性.其中,钛间隙和氧间隙沿[001]方向具有最小的扩散势垒路径,激活能分别为0.505 eV和0.859 eV;氧空位和钛空位的势垒最小的扩散路径分别沿[110]方向和[111]方向,激活能分别为0.735 eV和2.375 eV. 相似文献
78.
79.
梯度是磁共振成像(MRI)的关键环节.通过采集谱仪梯度波形信号并进行分析,提取出各通道波形的特征点,从而有助于快速准确地判断谱仪梯度硬件电路或脉冲序列编写是否存在问题.采用虚拟仪器LabVIEW软件控制高速采集卡DAQ-2005设计实现多路采集系统,对谱仪的梯度输出进行采集.通过对波形数据进行直方图统计、滤波、差分计算等分析,提取出波形的特征点,这些特征点包含时间与幅度信息.使用实验室自主研发的谱仪进行了多次实验,对该方法进行验证,证明了该方法的有效性,也为谱仪研制和脉冲序列开发提供了一种辅助测试方法. 相似文献
80.