全文获取类型
收费全文 | 35956篇 |
免费 | 5488篇 |
国内免费 | 8654篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 25864篇 |
晶体学 | 769篇 |
力学 | 2451篇 |
综合类 | 841篇 |
数学 | 4751篇 |
物理学 | 15422篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 102篇 |
2023年 | 440篇 |
2022年 | 1043篇 |
2021年 | 1004篇 |
2020年 | 1040篇 |
2019年 | 1073篇 |
2018年 | 931篇 |
2017年 | 1134篇 |
2016年 | 1156篇 |
2015年 | 1390篇 |
2014年 | 1716篇 |
2013年 | 2337篇 |
2012年 | 2553篇 |
2011年 | 3825篇 |
2010年 | 2691篇 |
2009年 | 2769篇 |
2008年 | 2463篇 |
2007年 | 2314篇 |
2006年 | 2099篇 |
2005年 | 2111篇 |
2004年 | 2615篇 |
2003年 | 1742篇 |
2002年 | 1645篇 |
2001年 | 1399篇 |
2000年 | 1184篇 |
1999年 | 923篇 |
1998年 | 693篇 |
1997年 | 524篇 |
1996年 | 460篇 |
1995年 | 412篇 |
1994年 | 387篇 |
1993年 | 703篇 |
1992年 | 709篇 |
1991年 | 482篇 |
1990年 | 489篇 |
1989年 | 502篇 |
1988年 | 210篇 |
1987年 | 132篇 |
1986年 | 118篇 |
1985年 | 102篇 |
1984年 | 95篇 |
1983年 | 63篇 |
1982年 | 51篇 |
1981年 | 43篇 |
1980年 | 34篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1965年 | 21篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 16 毫秒
21.
An N. Le Ruiqi Liang Prof. Dr. Mingjiang Zhong 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(35):8177-8189
Mixed-graft block copolymers (mGBCPs) consist of two or more types of polymeric side chains grafted on a linear backbone in a random, alternating, or pseudo-alternating sequence. They can phase-separate with the backbone serving as the interface of the blocks, and the side chains dominate their self-assembly behavior. mGBCPs are an accessible polymer architecture for exploring the idea of encoding polymer properties through the macromolecular architecture, as there are two distinct structural components that can be tuned: the backbone and the side chains. In this Concept article, the current literature on the synthesis of mGBCPs is reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each synthetic method are noted. The self-assembly of mGBCPs is also discussed where possible. Finally, directions for future research on mGBCP synthesis and self-assembly are suggested. 相似文献
22.
Understanding and control of the surface properties such as molecular orientations are of great importance in numerous applications of ionic liquids. However, there remain discrepancies among the previous experimental and theoretical studies on the surface orientation and structures of room temperature ionic liquids(RTIL) systems. In this article, the orientation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium([bmin]) cation at the air/liquid interface of a characteristic RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([bmim][PF6]), was investigated by the sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy(SFG-VS). Detailed polarization and experimental configuration analyses of the SFG-VS spectra showed the possibility of a small spectral splitting in the CH3 symmetric stretching region, which can be further attributed to the probable existence of multiple orientations for the interfacial [bmim] cations. In addition, the(N)–CH3 vibrations were absent, ruling out the prediction by several recent molecular dynamics simulations which state that portions of the [bmim] cations orient with a standing-up(N)–CH3 group at the ionic liquid surface. Hence, new realistic theoretical models have to be developed to reflect the complex nature of the ionic liquid surface. 相似文献
23.
W. L. Liang B. K. A. Ngoi L. E. N. Lim K. Venkatakrishnan C. W. Hee 《Optics & Laser Technology》2003,35(4):285-290
In this paper, integration of interference phenomenon into femtosecond laser micromachining was reported as the femtosecond laser pulses were reshaped spatially to perform ablation. The generation of circular interference pattern was demonstrated by overlapping infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The interference pattern was subsequently focused on a copper substrate to ablate microstructures of concentric circular rings. The present technique is expected to open up new applications in the areas of rapid fabrication of micro-Fresnel lenses, hybrid microlenses and lens arrays. 相似文献
24.
双掺(Tm3+,Tb3+)LiYF4激光器1.5 μm波长激光阈值分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由速率方程推出了双掺(Tm^3 ,Tb^3 )离子准四能级系统的激光阈值解析式,讨论了Tm^3 和Tb^3 离子之间的相互作用。分析了1.5μm波长附近的激光阈值和Tm^3 、Tb^3 离子的掺杂原子数分数及晶体长度的关系。结果表明,对于对应Tm^3 离子^3H4→^3F4跃迁的约1.5μm波长的激光,激活离子Tm^3 的掺杂原子数分数过大时,交叉弛豫作用将使系统阈值迅速增加。Tb^3 离子的加入,一方面能抽空激光下能级,起到降低阈值的作用;另一方面亦减少了激光上能级的寿命,使阈值升高。故Tb^3 离子有最佳掺杂原子数分数。对于Tm原子数分数为y=0.01的Tm:LiYF4晶体,Tb^3 离子的最佳掺杂原子数分数为0.002左右,同时表明,激光阈值与晶体长度有关。最佳晶体长度与Tm^3 、Tb^3 离子的掺杂原子数分数以及晶体的衍射损耗和吸收损耗有关。 相似文献
25.
26.
设γM(G)是连通图G=(V,E)的最大亏格,记EM^-(G)={e∈E(G)|G\e连通,且γM(G\e)=γM(G)}。若EM^-(G)≠0,则称G是γ(G)-可约的;否则称G是γM(G)-不可约的。本文证明了边的剖分不改变图的最大亏格可约性,点的扩张不改变上可嵌入图的最大亏格可约性;并给出了两类满足EM^-(G)=E(G)的非4-边连通图。 相似文献
27.
Clifford 分析中一个带位移的非线性边值问题 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
■Gilbert,黄沙、李生训等人对 Clifford 分析中函数性质作了一系列研究.1987年徐振远讨论了实 Clifford 分析中一个基本的边值问题,1989年黄沙、李生训利用陆启铿关于多复变函数于典型域上的调和分析的结果,研究了复 Clifford 分析中的拟变态Dirichlet 边值问题.1990年黄沙研究实 Clifford 分析中一种边值问题. 相似文献
28.
In this paper, the authors studied certain properties of the estimate of Liang and Krishnaiah (1985, J. Multivariate Anal. 16, 162–172) for multivariate binary density. An alternative shrinkage estimate is also obtained. The above results are generalized to general orthonormal systems. 相似文献
29.
30.
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most commonly used optical materials. However, the application of it in the area of optical communication is strongly limited by the intrinsic absorption loss of carbon-hydrogen stretching vibration. In this paper, we present a method to solve the problem by adopting the hollow-core fibers with cobweb cladding structure. The fibers use a single dielectric material and may solve the problem of structural support. Thus the feasibility of the “OmniGuide” fibers is improved, while a series of advantages of the “OmniGuide” hollow-core fiber are retained. It is promising that a fiber with low transmission loss, high bandwidth, large-core, and low costs can be designed and fabricated using PMMA. At the same time, a very broad range of the wavelengths (from visible to near infrared region, for instance, wavelengths at 0.65-1.12 μm, and even 1.30 μm, 1.54 μm and their neighbors) may be adopted for signal wavelength. 相似文献