水、低碳醇与环己烷间的液-液平衡的测定与推算

用浊点法与折光分析相结合的方法测定了水-异丁醇-环己烷三元系(体系Ⅰ)30℃下的液-液平衡相图。用色谱分析方法测定了水-若干低碳醇(体系Ⅱ)及水-低碳醇-环己烷(体系Ⅲ)的液-液平衡关系。用UNIQUAC模型预测,实测值与计算值平均偏差对体系Ⅰ为0.49%(mol,下同),对体系Ⅱ为O.71%。体系Ⅲ为1.07%。     

Direct synthesis, characterization of Cu-SBA-15 and its high catalytic activity in hydroxylation of phenol by H2O2

Transition metal copper substituted mesoporous silica (Cu-SBA-15) was synthesized using triblock copolymers surfactant as template agent under acidic condition. The result Cu-SBA-15 was characterized with XRD, ICP-AES, FT-IR and N₂ adsorption–desorption measurements, which prove that Cu(II) was mainly incorporated into the framework of Cu-SBA-15. Its catalytic activity was studied for phenol hydroxylation using H₂O₂ (30%). The substituting element (Cu²⁺) is incorporated into the framework position forming a new type of active site which raises the phenol conversion to 62.4% and the diphenol (the mixture of catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HQ)) selectivity to 97%. The Cu-SBA-15 has very high selectivity for catechol (about 71% selectivity), which is completely different from that of the microporous titanium silicalite zeolites (47.1% phenol conversion and about 50% selectivity to CAT under same reaction conditions). The results obtained indicate that the selective oxidation of phenol with H₂O₂ by a radical substitution mechanism.     

硅基图案化TiO2表面微结构的制备和表征

结合微接触印刷术和TiO₂沉积成膜技术,在单晶硅表面成功地制备了具有微米级图案结构的TiO₂薄膜,并利用XPS,SEM和AFM对其表面性质和结构进行了表征.该硅基图案化TiO₂微结构在光电转化、微机电和光催化等领域中的应用具有重要意义.     

基于Topomer CoMFA方法的喹诺酮羧酸类衍生物的QSAR研究及分子设计

采用基于R基团搜索技术的Topomer Co MFA技术对一系列喹诺酮羧酸类衍生物进行三维定量构效(3D-QSAR)关系研究,所得模型结果的交叉验证相关系数(q2)为0.790,非交互验证系数(r2)为0.890,外部验证的复相关系数(r2pred)为0.878,研究结果表明该模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力。采用Topomer search技术在ZINC数据库中进行虚拟筛选,筛选出6个Ra基团和3个Rb基团,进而设计出12个具有更高活性的新型喹诺酮羧酸类化合物。采用分子对接技术对药物与受体的作用机制进行了研究,结果显示,药物与蛋白酶的ASP 30、ASP 29和ASN 25位点作用明显,该QSAR的研究结果可为新药合成提供理论参考。     

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Dissociative Photoionization of Cyclopentanone

The dissociative photoionization of cyclopentanone was investigated by means of a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (RTOF-MS) with tunable vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation in the photon energy range of 9.0-15.5 eV. The photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves for molecular ion and fragment ions were measured. The ionization energy of cyclopentanone was determined to be 9.23\begin{document}$\pm$\end{document}0.03 eV. Fragment ions from the dissociative photoionization of cyclopentanone were identified as C\begin{document}$_5$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_7$\end{document}O\begin{document}$^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_4$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_5$\end{document}O\begin{document}$^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_4$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_8^+$\end{document}/C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_4$\end{document}O\begin{document}$^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}O\begin{document}$^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_4$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_6^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_4$\end{document}O\begin{document}$^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_6^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_5^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_4^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_3$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_3^+$\end{document}, C\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_5^+$\end{document} and C\begin{document}$_2$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_4^+$\end{document}. With the aid of the ab initio calculations at the \begin{document}$\omega$\end{document}B97X-D/6-31+G(d, p) level of theory, the dissociative mechanisms of C\begin{document}$_5$\end{document}H\begin{document}$_8$\end{document}O\begin{document}$^+$\end{document} are proposed. Ring opening and hydrogen migrations are the predominant processes in most of the fragmentation pathways of cyclopentanone.     

甲基酮的二氟同系化-卤化反应:一锅法合成β-卤代-α,α-二氟代酮

以（溴二氟甲基）三甲基硅烷（TMSCF₂Br）为二氟卡宾源,利用其兼具TMS转移特性及自活化特性,仅在催化量的n-Bu₄NBr的催化启动下,直接完成甲基酮的烯醇化-二氟环丙烷化反应以及与卤正离子的开环卤化反应,并使用卤负离子作为卤源,采用其原位氧化形成卤正离子的方法实现了偕二氟环丙烷硅醚的开环-卤化,合成了β-卤代-α,α-二氟代酮类物质.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄瓜与土壤中烯酰吗啉和氰霜唑及其代谢物的残留量

为评价烯酰吗啉和氰霜唑在黄瓜和土壤中的安全性,建立了同时检测烯酰吗啉和氰霜唑及其代谢物4-氯-5-(4-甲苯基)-1H-咪唑-2-腈(CCIM)的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经乙腈提取,乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷键合相(PSA)和十八烷基硅烷键合相(C18)净化后,质谱多反应监测模式扫描,基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。烯酰吗啉、氰霜唑和CCIM在0. 01～0. 5 mg/L范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0. 994 0,在0. 05、0. 1、0. 5 mg/kg加标浓度下,3种待测物在黄瓜和土壤中的平均回收率为78%～105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1. 3%～14. 8%,定量下限为0. 05 mg/kg。对35%氰霜唑·烯酰吗啉悬浮剂在黄瓜和土壤中的残留动态及最终残留量进行分析,发现烯酰吗啉、氰霜唑及CCIM之和在黄瓜和土壤中消解较快,烯酰吗啉在黄瓜和土壤中的半衰期分别为1. 2～2. 1、3. 0～9. 6 d;氰霜唑及CCIM之和在黄瓜和土壤中的半衰期为0. 9～2. 3、1. 8～6. 2 d。该方法简单、快速、灵敏度及准确度高,能够满足黄瓜和土壤中烯酰吗啉、氰霜唑及CCIM残留量的检测要求。     

One-pot ligation strategy for atypical ubiquitin chains synthesis by using the trifluoroacetamidomethyl-protected isopeptide-linked Ub (Tfacm-isoUb) unit

Protein chemical synthesis can provide the homogeneous atypical ubiquitin chains that are usually difficult to obtain by other methods. Herein, we report a new one-pot ligation approach for the synthesis of atypical Ub chains based on the Tfacm-protected isoUb building block with operational simplicity and high efficiency. The key intermediate, the Tfacm-protected isoUb building block can be readily prepared by Fmoc SPPS. The practicality and efficiency of the new method is demonstrated by the successful preparation of K11-linked di-Ub.     

Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic properties of biomass charcoal/TiO2 nanocomposites

Biomass charcoal-doped titanium dioxide (C/TiO₂) composites were proposed by microwave-hydrothermal and calcination method using tetrabutyl titanate as the titanium source and lignin as the carbon source. TiO₂ crystals with different morphologies could be successfully adsorbed onto the surface of biomass charcoal. These products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), UV–vis diffuser flection spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The photocatalytic activities of the as-obtained composites were checked under visible light irradiation. The results showed that both the microwave-hydrothermal temperature and time played an important role in the microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the samples. The rapid microwave-hydrothermal with the thermal post-treatment provides a promising route for the fabrication of biomass charcoal-doped nanocomposites materials.     

Mechanism of Phosphine‐Catalyzed Allene Coupling Reactions: Advances in Theoretical Investigations

Organocatalysis has emerged as an effective strategy for chemical synthesis. Within this area, phosphine‐catalyzed coupling reactions have attracted considerable attention because of their versatility and wide range of applications in the construction of new C?C bonds. Recently, various experimental studies on the phosphine‐catalyzed coupling reaction of allenes have been reported, and mechanistic and computational studies have also progressed considerably. As a nucleophile, phosphine can react with an allene to form a zwitterionic phosphoniopropenide intermediate. After stepwise cycloaddition and proton transfer, the phosphine catalyst can be regenerated by C?P bond cleavage. Alternatively, the zwitterionic phosphoniopropenide intermediate could also be protonated by a Brønsted acid to generate a phosphonium intermediate, which can be used to construct new C?C bonds by electrophilic addition. In this review, we have summarized details of mechanistic studies of phosphine‐catalyzed allene coupling reactions that follow these two reaction modes. In addition to detailing the reaction pathway, the regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity of the phosphine‐catalyzed allene coupling reaction are also discussed in this review.