Structural conversions of rhodamines in solution

A study has been made of the acidic ionization, structural conversions, and prototropic tautomerism of rhodamine chromogens in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, using IR, ¹³ C NMR, and electronic spectroscopy. The lactone structure has been established for the colorless form of rhodamines in DMSO. For rhodamine B in mixtures of water with DMSO, the lactone/zwitterion ratio has been estimated.V. I. Vernadskii Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117975. Khar'kov State University, Khar'kov 310077. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 512–521, March, 1992.     

The solution existence of general variational inclusion problems

We propose general variational inclusion problems which are slightly different from corresponding problems considered in several recent papers in the literature and show that they are advantageous. Sufficient conditions for the solution existence are established. As applications we derive consequences for several special cases of variational inclusion problems, quasioptimization problems, equilibrium problems and implicit variational inequalities and show that they improve the results of some recent existing papers.     

On the properties of solutions to the Goursat-Darboux problem with boundary and distributed controls

We consider a control system described by the Goursat-Darboux equation. The system is controlled by distributed and boundary controls. The controls are subject to the constraints given as multivalued mappings with closed, possibly nonconvex, values depending on the phase variable. Alongside the initial constraints, we consider the convexified constraints and the constraints whose values are the extreme points of the convexified constraints. We study the questions of existence of solutions and establish connections between the solutions under various constraints.     

Correlation between energy positions of deep intrinsic point-defect levels and a limiting fermi level in irradiated III–V semiconductors

The energy levels of neutral anion (V_A) and cation (V_C) vacancies and antisite defects are calculated for the anion C_A and cation A_C sublattices of III–V semiconductors. An averaged energy level position for these defects is estimated to be E_av ^abs = 4.9 eV. The position coincides with the local charge electroneutrality level. It is shown that the case, where the total energies of formation of V_A, V_C and antisite C_A, A_C defects in the sublattices of binary semiconductors are similar, corresponds to the point-defect equilibrium condition and stabilization of the Fermi level in the proximity of the local charge electroneutrality level. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 17–22, May, 2007.     

Variation of the temperature factor of models on a ballistic range

A technique for variation of the temperature factor of free-flight models by varying their initial temperature is described. An experiment on a ballistic range is carried out with a free-flying supersonic blunt cone with a half-angle of 15° at a Mach number of 2.3. The flow at the cone base is studied in the transition range (from the laminar to turbulent flow) of Reynolds numbers. The base flow pattern is determined from the shadowgraphs of the flow about the models. The drag coefficient of the blunt cone at a zero angle of attack is found by processing trajectory data. It is found that the near wake geometries and the drag coefficients of the models tested at the laboratory temperature and a temperature of 120 K differ. Explanations of this effect are given.     

Relaxation contribution to shear moduli of the low-temperature phase of solid C60

The relaxation contribution of the molecular reorientation in an elastic field of an acoustic wave to the effective shear moduli is calculated in the framework of the phenomenological two-level model of orientational states in the low-temperature phase of solid C₆₀. The polarity of the rotation axis of C₆₀ molecules and the possible existence of orientational domains in the structure of the low-temperature phase are taken into consideration. The estimates obtained are compared with the available experimental data.     

Copolymer from the waste products of styrene and maleic acid production

Influence of the process conditions on the production of “STAM” copolymer from waste products formed at join producing of styrene and propylene oxide, the acetophenone bottom residue at styrene rectification, with maleic acid. Effects of temperature, copolymerization process duration, weight ratio of acetophenone bottom residue to maleic acid and styrene content in the bottom residue are studied.