Studies of synergism for lowering dynamic interfacial tension in sodium alpha-(n-alkyl) naphthalene sulfonate/alkali/acidic oil systems

Alkylnaphthalene sulfonates with high purity were selected as model components to research synergism for lowering interfacial tension (IFT) in surfactant/alkali/acidic oil systems. The dynamic IFTs between alkylnaphthalene sulfonates with different alkyl chain length and n-decane, oleic acid model oil, or Shengli crude oil were measured. The results showed that the alkylnaphthalene sulfonates with different alkyl chain lengths had different synergism with different acidic components and their ionized acids under the same conditions. The synergism for lowering dynamic IFT in alkylnaphthalene sulfonate/alkali/acidic oil systems was controlled by alkylnaphthalene sulfonate concentration, alkyl chain length, alkali concentration, alkali type, and oleic acid concentration: optimal physicochemical conditions were necessary to the best synergism. This indicates that the synergism among added surfactant acidic components in crude oil and their ionized acids is controlled by the ratio of their interfacial concentrations.     

Fast determination of the tin content in cassiterite ores by photon activation method

Photon activation analysis has been success-fully applied to the fast and non-destructive analysis of tin in cassiterite ores based on the 159.7 keV gamma line of^123mSn produced in the¹²⁴Sn/γ, n/^123mSn reaction. In order to improve the accuracy of analytical results, corrections for self-absorption and pile-up effects were performed. Under typical conditions /15 μA electron beam current, 15 MeV bremsstrahlung energy, 5 min irradiation time and 10 min measurement/ the sensitivity of the analysis is 10 ppm. The proposed method can be used for routine analysis of tin in geological samples.     

Positioning isolation and biochemical analysis of single DNA molecules based on nanomanipulation and single-molecule PCR

Recently, the isolation and biochemical analysis of DNA at the single-molecule level has been recognized as very important for genetic research and clinical analysis. A unique technique for the positioning, dissection, and isolation of single DNA molecules using atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been demonstrated. Full-length genome DNA molecules were first deposited and stretched by a modified "molecular combing" technique onto a 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane-coated mica substrate. A single DNA fragment was dissected from one of those genome DNA strands with the AFM tip at the desired position, and then isolated (or picked up) after a special operation called "kneading". All the operations including imaging, dissection, and isolation could be carried out with one tip. The isolated DNA fragment on the AFM tip could be successfully amplified by single-molecule PCR.     

Determination of chloride ion by electrochemiluminescence and investigation of the mechanism

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol in aqueous alkaline solution was studied.Trace amounts of chloride showed significant effect on the efficiency of light emission of luminol as a posi-tive trigonometrical wave pulse was exerted on the solution. The detection limit for the chloride is5.0 ×10~(-6) mol/L and the linear calibration range extends up to 1.0 ×10~(-2) mol/L; the relative standarddeviation for 1.0 ×10~(-5) mol / L chloride is 5%. The influencing factors for chloride determination arealso discussed. The possible mechanism for the electrochemiluminescence reaction may be due to theoxidation of chloride ion in the solution to ClO~-, and the latter acts on luminol and then gives outluminescence. The method has been applied to determine the total chloride in tap water with satisfactoryresults.     

3-(4-氯苯基)-6-取代苯氧乙酰氨基均三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物的合成

将取代苯氧乙酰氨基引入到3,6-二取代均三唑并噻二唑的分子骨架中, 设计合成了8个未见文献报道的3-(4-氯苯基)-6-取代苯氧乙酰氨基均三唑并[3,4-b]-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物5a～5h, 结构经元素分析、IR和¹H NMR等测试得到确证.     

Conversion of 3-benzoyl-1-methyl-4-phenyl-γ-piperidol by arylamines and arylhydrazines. Synthesis of 3-arylamino-1-oxo-1-phenylpropanes and 1,3-diarylpyrazoles and their fragmentation under electron impact

It has been established that on heating, 3-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine is ring-opened in the presence of arylamines by a type of retroaldol reaction, with subsequent transamination of the intermediate Mannich base and the formation of 3-arylamino-1-oxo-1-phenylpropanes. When using arylhydrazines this γ-piperidol is recyclized with the formation of 1,3-diarylpyrazoles and their 4,5-dihydro derivatives. The mass spectral behavior of a series of 3-arylamino-substituted 1-phenylpropanones has been studied. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1486–1495, October, 2007.     

高速逆流色谱与质谱联用在中药分析中的应用

高速逆流色谱 ( High- speed countercurrent chromatography,HSCCC)是新型的液 -液分配色谱技术 ,它利用多层螺旋管同步行星式离心运动 ,在短时间内实现样品在互不相溶的两相溶剂系统中的高效分配 ,从而实现样品分离[1] . HSCCC分离纯化后 ,若用 MS离线检测 ,此时须挥发原 HSCCC的溶剂体系 ,才能实现样品转移 ,还可能会带来样品污染 .HSCCC与 MS的联用克服了这些缺陷 ,具有很强的实用价值 .丹参酮 A( Tashinone A)是一种结晶性菲醌类化合物 [2 ] ,在丹参乙醚提取物中含量丰富 .本文采用正己烷 -乙醚 -乙醇 -水体系 ,将 HSCC…     

Determination of methylmercury fluxes across the air–water and air–soil interfaces by gas chromatography with electron capture detection

A method for the determination of methylmercury (MeHg) fluxes across the air–water and air–soil interfaces was developed using an in situ chamber. The MeHg in the air coming out of the chamber was captured by a column containing sulfhydryl cotton fiber adsorbent. MeHg was then desorbed from the column by using 2 mol L^–1 HCl. The MeHg in the effluent was extracted with benzene, and determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Finally, the MeHg flux was calculated using the chamber. The method was applied to simulated experiments, and the results showed that the MeHg fluxes in the air–water system were higher than those in the air–soil–water system. The method was also successfully applied to the field measurements of an environment polluted by a chemical factory, and the results showed that the MeHg fluxes across the air–soil and air–water interfaces were 0.21–3.09 and 0.14–0.79 ng m^–2 h^–1, respectively. The method will be a useful tool in the environmental study of MeHg.     

Determination of proteins with Alizarin Red S by Rayleigh light scattering technique

A new protein determination method by enhanced Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) technique has been developed. In acid condition (pH=3.60), RLS of 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-sulfonate (Alizarin Red S) can be greatly enhanced by addition of proteins, resulting in two characteristic peaks, 360 and 505 nm, respectively. The new protein assay is based on the RLS enhancement and spectrum change. The optimum condition for the reaction was investigated. The linear range is 0.20-24.9 μg ml⁻¹ for BSA and 0.20-15.5 μg ml⁻¹ for HSA. The detection limits (S/N=3) are 9.59 ng ml⁻¹ for BSA and 9.51 ng ml⁻¹ for HSA. The results of determination for human serum samples were comparable to those obtained by Bradford method. The binding stoichiometry was determined.     

New cytotoxic bufadienolides from the biotransformation of resibufogenin by Mucor polymorphosporus

Resibufogenin is a cytotoxic steroid isolated from the Chinese drug ChanSu. The biotransformation of resibufogenin by Mucor polymorphosporus afforded 22 products, and 15 of them were new. The transformation reactions involved hydroxylations at C-1β, C-5, C-7α, C-7β, C-12α, C-12β and C-16α, as well as epimerization or dehydrogenation of 3-OH. Hydroxylations at C-12α, C-12β and C-16α were the major reactions, each giving products in >5% yields, whereas the other products were obtained in fairly low yields. Some of the products showed decreased but still potent cytotoxicities. This investigation provided a useful approach to prepare new bufadienolides and most of them were difficult to obtain by chemical means.