Trace determination of beta-lactam antibiotics in surface water and urban wastewater using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive and reliable method using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for the trace determination of beta-lactam antibiotics in natural and wastewater matrices. Water samples were enriched by solid-phase extraction. The analytes included amoxicillin (AMOX), ampicillin (AMP), oxacillin (OXA), cloxacillin (CLOX) and cephapirin (CEP). Average recoveries of beta-lactams (BLs) in fortified samples were generally above 75% (except amoxicillin) with the standard deviations lower than 10% in water matrices. Amoxicillin was not quantified due to poor recovery (less than 40%) in the investigated water matrices. Matrix effects were found to be minimal when measuring these compounds in water matrices. The accuracy, within- and between-run precision of the assay fell within acceptable ranges of 15% absolute. The method detection limit (MDL) was estimated to range between 8 and 10 ng/L in surface water, 13 and 18 ng/L in the influent and 8 and 15 ng/L in the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. A large number of actual water samples were analyzed using this method in order to evaluate the occurrence of the beta-lactams in a river and a wastewater treatment plant in northern Colorado. Most of the samples were negative for all analytes. These compounds were found at 15-17 ng/L in the three influent samples and at 9-11 ng/L in three surface water samples out of a total of 200 samples. This indicates that contamination by beta-lactam antibiotics is of minor importance to the small mixed-watershed.     

便携式病害猪肉速测仪的研制与应用

基于健康与病害猪肉中过氧化物酶(POD)的活性不同的原理,研制出便携式的病害猪肉速测仪,用于病害猪肉的检验与鉴别,以评判猪肉的品质。仪器的工作系统由检测系统和软件系统两部分组成。该检测仪具有操作简便,检测快速,可进行现场检测等优点。在对市场猪肉的检测中,利用测定体系与POD的反应动力学曲线,可快速准确地完成病害猪肉的鉴别,健康猪肉和病害猪肉的符合率分别为100%和96%。     

含氯不对称配体8-羟基喹啉铝配合物电子和光谱性质的TDDFT研究

以含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT) B3LYP方法通过电子结构计算研究了含氯不对称配体8-羟基喹啉铝配合物AlQ(ClQ)₂的吸收和发射光谱性质. 计算表明, 第一激发态与基态结构变化主要集中在单一含氯配体中, 与mer-AlQ₃相比, 前线占有轨道离域程度变大而未占据轨道则定域化程度提高. 最大吸收主要来自配体内电荷转移跃迁, 电荷从苯酚环和氯向含氮的吡啶环跃迁. 电子陷入态计算表明, 抽取电子能量比AlQ₃相应值略大, 与实验结果一致.     

基于微量热法的板蓝根提取方法和活性部位挑选

应用TAM Air微量热系统, 采用微量热法, 考察不同提取方法的板蓝根水煎液及其化学萃取部位在37 ℃时, 对大肠杆菌生长代谢的影响. 结合中医药理论, 分析板蓝根水煎液及其化学萃取部分的药效作用及其差异, 挑选板蓝根药材最佳的提取方法和抑菌最强的活性部位, 并采用试管稀释法求出抑菌活性最强部位的最小抑菌浓度(MIC). 结果表明微量热法可用于常用中药——板蓝根的提取方法和活性部位的挑选, 为进一步研究中药的药性基础提供了一种新的、快速灵敏的技术和方法.     

线性溶剂-能量关系模型法评价纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基中酸酯)涂敷手性固定相的作用力及其对手性拆分的影响

利用线性溶剂-能量关系模型(LSER)对分别以氨丙基硅胶(APS)和硅胶(SiO2)为基质的两种纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(CDMPC)手性固定相(CSP)存在的作用力进行研究.利用33种分析物的LSER描述符号及分析物在固定相上的保留时间进行多元线性回归,通过对回归所得到的系统参数的分析来评价固定相存在的作用力.分析表明:两种固定相在正相条件下存在较弱的π-π作用力,较强的偶极-偶极作用力.而氢键作用力的大小受到基质的影响,以APS为基质的固定相给电子能力较强;而以SiO2为基质的固定相给质子能力较强.     

巯基化合物自组装单分子层的研究进展

超薄层有机材料的制备与研究￣［１］受到人们的广泛关注，有关研究结果和进展正在不断丰富着人类对表面结构与性质关系的理解和认识。与其它制备单分子层的技术相比，自组装技术是一种较新的制备方法，在８０年代后期，迅速成为有关学科的研究焦点。采用此技术制备的超薄层体系主要有两类：一类是巯基化合物在金、银、铜、铂表面吸附形成的单层￣［２，３］，一类是在硅、玻璃、金属氧化物表面通过硅烷化反应形成的单层￣［４］。其中，硫醇类分子自组装单层（ｓｅｌｆ－ａｓｓｅｍｂｌｅｄｍｏｎｏｌａｙｅｒ，３ＡＭ）是被研究得最为广泛和深入的体系。本文主要综述十年来巯基化合物ＳＡＭ的研究进展。     

Indium trichloride mediated intramolecular Prins-type cyclization

[reaction: see text] Intramolecular Prins-type reactions of compounds having both functionalities of homoallyl alcohol and acetal moiety are described. The intramolecular Prins cyclizations were performed using indium trichloride in chloroform or 25% aqueous THF. Both 9-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and 3,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane compounds were successfully obtained in moderate yields.     

Low tropospheric wind measurement with Mie Doppler Lidar

A double edge Mie Doppler lidar at 1064 nm was developed in Hefei, China in 2005 for low tropospheric wind measurement. Intercomparison experiments with a wind profiler and a wiresonde were held. Intercomparisons of concurrent lidar and other instrument observations show good agreement with expected measurement accuracy. The examples of validated lidar wind profiles obtained during these experiments as well as an example of continuous wind observations are presented. The instrument has demonstrated the capability of atmospheric wind field measurement from 0.2 to 5 km altitude, achieving below 2 m/s accuracy with 1 min averaging and 21.2 m vertical resolution.     

Comparison of nonlinear effects in amplitude and phase holograms recorded in photographic materials

Beam amplitudes of successive orders diffracted on holographic gratings are calculated and thus nonlinear effects in amplitude, bleached phase and reversal bleached phase holograms are compared. Then values of intermodulation noise are compared for the above three types of Fourier hologram of two circular holes.