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21.
Femtosecond electron pulse compression by using the time focusing technique in ultrafast electron diffraction 下载免费PDF全文
We present a new model of an electron gun for generating subrelativistic femtosecond (fs) electron pulses. The basic idea is to utilize a dc acceleration stage combined with a time focusing region, the time focusing electrode generates an electron energy chirp for bunching at the target. Without considering the space charge effects, simulations of the electron gun were carried out under the conditions of different dc voltages and various slopes of the voltage added on the time focusing electrode. Tracing and simulating large numbers of photoelectrons through Monte-Carlo and finite difference methods, the electron pulses with 1 ps can be compressed to 55 fs, which will allow significant advances in the field of ultrafast diagnosis. 相似文献
22.
Reported are fiber de-multiplexers based on side-polished fibers with a long interaction length and intra-core fiberBragg gratings. In conjunction with the silicon processing technologies, we demonstrate fiber filters and advantages ofour approaches are addressed. 相似文献
23.
We report what we believe to be the first rigorous numerical solution of the two-dimensional Maxwell equations for optical propagation within, and scattering by, a random medium of macroscopic dimensions. Our solution is based on the pseudospectral time-domain technique, which provides essentially exact results for electromagnetic field spatial modes sampled at the Nyquist rate or better. The results point toward the emerging feasibility of direct, exact Maxwell equations modeling of light propagation through many millimeters of biological tissues. More generally, our results have a wider implication: Namely, the study of electromagnetic wave propagation within random media is moving toward exact rather than approximate solutions of Maxwell's equations. 相似文献
24.
Ying-Tung Chen Kris Naessens Roel Baets Yunn-Shiuan Liao Ampere A. Tseng 《Optical Review》2005,12(6):427-441
For many years, the development of effective ablation or laser machining techniques for making micro-optical components has
been the key factor in the birth of new photonic devices and systems. In this article, the ablation characteristics of two
types of the most important transparent materials, transparent polymers and glasses, are studied. Simple shaped microcavities
are first machined for studying the fundamental ablation parameters, including threshold fluence, effective absorption coefficient,
and ablation rate. In studying polymer ablation, five standard grades and five proprietary polymeric compounds are selected.
Ablation techniques using these transparent polymers for making arrayed ferrules and curved microlenses are presented. Applications
of these ablated microstructures for optical fiber connectors, optical fiber coupling and alignment, and transparent chip
encapsulants, are introduced and demonstrated with emphasis on the quality of the ablated profiles and dimensions to satisfy
the required performance. In glass ablation, borosilicate glasses are considered and their associated ablation behaviors are
studied. The procedures to ablate glass-based arrayed microstructures with flat and curved surfaces are described. The utilizations
of these arrayed microstructures for optical waveguide, wave absorber, and beam guider, are specifically discussed. Finally,
concluding remakes for future trends are presented. 相似文献
25.
利用熔融KOH和Co3O4在较低温度(480℃)下反应制备出K0.36CoO2,然后用高锰酸钾溶液和饱和的过硫酸钾溶液进行氧化处理.氧化的同时伴随有水分子嵌入.K0.36CoO2用高锰酸钾和过硫酸钾溶液处理后分别得到K0.12CoO2·0.8H2O和K0.16CO2·0.6H2O.这两种化合物都属于六角晶系,表现出金属行为,脱水后主相变为正交结构并且呈现出半导体特性.K0.16CoO2·0.6H2O在56K附近可能存在自旋玻璃转变行为或其他涨落.随着钾含量的减少和水含量的增多,样品的自旋玻璃行为受到抑制或发生磁性相分离.样品K0.12CoO2·0.8H2O在零场冷却和有场冷却曲线上的分叉现象基本上消失.还讨论了产生KxCoO2与NaxCoO2体系结构和物性差别的原因. 相似文献
26.
The rotational spectra of three low-energy conformers of thiodiglycol (TDG) (HOCH2CH2SCH2CH2OH) have been measured in a molecular beam using a pulsed-nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. To determine the likely conformational structures with ab initio approach, conformational structures of 2-(ethylthio)ethanol (HOEES) (CH3CH2SCH2CH2OH) were used as starting points together with the consideration of possible intramolecular hydrogen bonding in TDG. Three lower-energy conformers have been found for TDG at the MP2=Full/6311G** level and ab initio results agree nicely with experimentally determined rotational constants. In addition, Stark measurements were performed for two of the three conformers for dipole moment determinations, adding to our confidence of the conformational structure matches between experimental observations and ab initio calculations. Of the three lower-energy conformers, one displays a compact folded-like structure with strong hydrogen bonding between the two hydroxyl groups and the central sulfide atom. Two other conformers have relatively open chain-like structures with hydrogen bonding between each of the hydroxyl groups to the central sulfur atom, of which one has pure b-type dipole moment according to the ab initio results. 相似文献
27.
High-resolution Fourier transform spectra of CH3OH have been investigated in the infrared region from 930 to 1450 cm−1 in order to map the torsion-rotation energy manifolds associated with the ν7 in-plane CH3 rock, the ν11 out-of-plane CH3 rock, and the ν6 OH bend. Upper-state term values have been determined from the assigned spectral subbands, and have been fitted to power-series expansions to obtain substate origins and effective B-values for the three modes. The substate origins have been grouped into related families according to systematic trends observed in the torsion-vibration energy map, but there are substantial differences from the traditional torsional patterns. There appears to be significant torsion-mediated spectral mixing, and a variety of “forbidden” torsional combination subbands with |Δυt|>1 have been observed, where υt denotes the torsional quantum number (equivalent to υ12). For example, coupling of the (υ6,υt)=(1,0) OH bend to nearby torsionally excited (υ7,υt)=(1,1) CH3-rock and (υ8,υt)=(1,1) CO-stretch states introduces (υ6,υt)=(1,0)←(0,1) subbands into the spectrum and makes the ν7+ν12−ν12 torsional hot band stronger than the ν7 fundamental. The results suggest a picture of strong coupling among the OH-bending, CH3-rocking, and CO-stretching modes that significantly modifies the traditional energy structure and raises interesting and provocative questions about the torsion-vibration identity of a number of the observed states. 相似文献
28.
Zhan-Shuo Hu Fei-Yi Hung Shoou-Jinn Chang Kuan-Jen Chen Yi-Wei Tseng Bohr-Ran Huang Bo-Cheng Lin Wei-Yang Chou Jay Chang 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(10):4757-4763
The photo-current of n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction photodiodes was improved by embedding Ag nanoparticles in the interface (ZnO/nano-PAg/p-Si), and the ratio between photo- and dark-current increased by about three orders more than that of a n-ZnO/p-Si specimen. The improvement in the photo-current resulted from the light scattering of embedded Ag nanoparticles. The I–V curve of n-ZnO/p-Si degraded after thermal treatment (A-ZnO/p-Si) because the silicon robbed the oxygen from ZnO to form amorphous silicon dioxide and left an oxygen vacancy. Notably,
the properties of ZnO/nano-PAg/p-Si were better in the time-dependent photoresponse under 10 V bias. Ag nanoparticles (15–20 nm) scattered the UV light randomly
and increased the probability for the absorption of ZnO to enhance the properties of the photodiode. 相似文献
29.
A green method, using pulsed spark-discharge (PSD) to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in ethanol, is studied in this
article. Unlike conventional methods for metal nanoparticles synthesis, the PSD method does not require the addition of chemical
surfactants and stabilizers. The size of PSD–AuNPs is examined by transmission electron microscopy, with a range 5–50 nm.
The chemical compounds, crystal structure, and surface plasmon resonance of PSD–AuNPs are studied using energy dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV–Visible spectroscopy, respectively. Zeta potential analysis shows that a negative
charge (−40 mV) on the surface of the PSD–AuNPs may be contributing to the stability of the suspension. During the gold electrodes
discharge in the ethanol, under an intensive electric field and thermal energy, bulk metallic gold and ethanol may produce
AuNPs and varieties of chemical derivatives, which are also studied by GC/MS and FTIR to investigate the suspension mechanism.
The analysis results show that there is an oxidation reaction of ethanol occurring during the PSD process to produce ethanol
derivatives, such as acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and ethyl acetate, which may modify the surface of AuNPs by coordination of
oxygen atoms. However, only acetic acid can form a negative charge by the deprotonation of the carboxylic group of surface
in ethanol, resulting in the creation of a repulsion force between the particles to form the stable colloid system. The experimental
results indicate that PSD is an alternative green process to synthesize gold nanoparticles suspension in ethanol. Moreover,
with a gold rod consumption rate of 15 mg/L, concentrations of gold nanoparticles ~9 ppm have been observed; therefore, the
net production rate is around 60%. 相似文献
30.
Szu-Ko WangTing-Chun Lin Sheng-Rui Jian Jenh-Yih JuangJason S.-C. Jang Jiun-Yi Tseng 《Applied Surface Science》2011,258(3):1261-1266
In this study, the effects of post-annealing on the structure, surface morphology and nanomechanical properties of ZnO thin films doped with a nominal concentration of 3 at.% Ga (ZnO:Ga) are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanoindentation techniques. The ZnO:Ga thin films were deposited on the glass substrates at room temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Results revealed that the as-deposited ZnO:Ga thin films were polycrystalline albeit the low deposition temperature. Post-annealing carried out at 300, 400 and 500 °C, respectively, has resulted in progressive increase in both the average grain size and the surface roughness of the ZnO:Ga thin film, in addition to the improved thin films crystallinity. Moreover, the hardness and Young's modulus of ZnO:Ga thin films are measured by a Berkovich nanoindenter operated with the continuous contact stiffness measurements (CSM) option. The hardness and Young's modulus of ZnO:Ga thin films increased as the annealing temperature increased from 300 to 500 °C, with the best results being obtained at 500 °C. 相似文献