全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1542篇 |
免费 | 46篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1033篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 44篇 |
数学 | 204篇 |
物理学 | 309篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 45篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 34篇 |
2016年 | 55篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 83篇 |
2012年 | 89篇 |
2011年 | 126篇 |
2010年 | 64篇 |
2009年 | 79篇 |
2008年 | 95篇 |
2007年 | 101篇 |
2006年 | 90篇 |
2005年 | 76篇 |
2004年 | 57篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 43篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1916年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1594条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
971.
Fabio Mazzotti Hicham Benabdelkamel Leonardo Di Donna Constantinos M. Athanassopoulos Anna Napoli Giovanni Sindona 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2012,47(7):932-939
5‐Dimethylamino‐1‐sulfonyl naphthalene (DNS, commonly referred as dansyl) is a functionality, bearing well‐established properties in directing the fragmentation, by mass spectrometry (MS), of the corresponding ionized sulfonylated derivatives. This property is shared also by its labeled analogs. The use of d0/d6 DNS derivatives is now exploited in the application of the well‐established isotope dilution mass spectrometric approach in the assay of complex mixtures. A new method for the quantitation of amino acids (AAs) in beverages is therefore presented, which relies on liquid chromatographic separation of their N‐dansylated derivatives followed by comparative electrospray tandem MS/MS of the d0/d6 isobaric mixtures. Labeled and unlabeled DNS derivatives of the selected AAs are readily available by microwave‐assisted synthetic protocols. The novelty of the method is represented by the use of heavy and light DNS‐isotopologue providing suitable reporter groups. Multiple‐reaction monitoring has been applied in the assay of AAs in wine, pineapple juice and bergamot juice with good‐to‐excellent results as proved by both relative standard deviation, lower than 15%, and by the accuracy values in the range 90–110%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
972.
Rodrigues PC Berlim LS Azevedo D Saavedra NC Prasad PN Schreiner WH Atvars TD Akcelrud L 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2012,116(14):3681-3690
The donor-acceptor copolymer containing benzothiadiazole (electron acceptor), linked to functionalized fluorene (electron donor), [poly[9,9-bis(3'-(tert-butyl propanoate))fluorene-co-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (LaPPS40), was synthesized through the Suzuki route. The polymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, NMR, thermal analysis, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrometry, and photophysical measurements. Theoretical calculations (density functional theory and semiempirical methodologies) used to simulate the geometry of some oligomers and the dipole moments of molecular orbitals involved were in excellent agreement with experimental results. Using such data, the higher energy absorption band was attributed to the π-π* (S(0) → S(4)) transition of the fluorene units and the lower lying band was attributed to the intramolecular (ICT) (S(0) → S(1)) charge transfer between acceptor (benzothiadiazole) and donor groups (fluorene) (D-A structure). The ICT character of this band was confirmed by its solvatochromic properties using solvents with different dielectric properties, and this behavior could be well described by the Lippert-Mataga equation. To explain the solvatochromic behavior, both the magnitude and orientation of the dipole moments in the electronic ground state and in the excited state were analyzed using the theoretical data. According to these data, the change in magnitude of the dipole moments was very small for both transitions but the spatial orientation changed remarkably for the lower energy band ascribed to the ICT band. 相似文献
973.
Dr. Stefano Amatori Dr. Gianluca Ambrosi Dr. Mirco Fanelli Dr. Mauro Formica Prof. Vieri Fusi Dr. Luca Giorgi Dr. Eleonora Macedi Dr. Mauro Micheloni Prof. Paola Paoli Dr. Roberto Pontellini Dr. Patrizia Rossi Maria Antonietta Varrese 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2012,18(14):4274-4284
Ligand L (4‐(7‐nitrobenzo[1,2,5]oxadiazole‐4‐yl)‐1,7‐dimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetra‐azacyclododecane) is a versatile fluorescent sensor useful for CuII, ZnII and CdII metal detection, as a building block of fluorescent metallo‐receptor for halide detection, and as an organelle marker inside live cells. Ligand L undergoes a chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect upon metal coordination in acetonitrile solution. In all three complexes investigated the metal cation is coordinatively unsaturated; thus, it can bind secondary ligands as anionic species. The crystal structure of [Zn L Cl](ClO4) is discussed. CuII and ZnII complexes are quenched upon halide interaction, whereas the [Cd L ]2+ species behaves as an OFF–ON sensor for halide anions in acetonitrile solution. The mechanism of the fluorescence response in the presence of the anion depends on the nature of the metal ion employed and has been studied by spectroscopic methods, such as NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis and fluorescence techniques and by computational methods. Subcellular localization experiments performed on HeLa cells show that L mainly localizes in spot‐like structures in a polarized portion of the cytosol that is occupied by the Golgi apparatus to give a green fluorescence signal. 相似文献
974.
Gonzalez R Caballero L Pavez J Melo F 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(25):9506-9514
Electrical and mechanical properties of dermatan sulfate (DS) molecules are studied in an aqueous environment as a function of pH. DS molecules linked at various points distributed on the surface of mica previously silanizated along with a suitable functionalized microsphere, attached to the cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM), provided suitable surfaces for testing interactions through the colloidal probe methodology. The repulsive force between the surfaces indicated that the charge of DS increases with pH as a result of the gradual deprotonation of acidic groups. Pulling experiments revealed increasing adhesion of DS to the monolayer as a function of pH, presumably due both to the electrical nature of the interaction between these molecules and the progressive increase of the charge of DS with pH. Serrations exhibited by the force in pulling experiments indicate that more than a single DS molecule is stretched at the same time. In addition, pulling force remained significant even at extensions that went beyond the average contour length of a single DS molecule, which suggests the existence of a significant link between DS molecules. 相似文献
975.
Leonardo Puppulin Masaya Kotaki Morimasa Nakamura Daisuke Iba Ichiro Moriwaki Giuseppe Pezzotti 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2012,43(12):1957-1963
The orientation dependence in space of Raman‐active vibrations in the hexagonal structure of polyoxymethylene (POM) is discussed in terms of Raman tensor elements as intrinsic physical parameters of the lattice. The variation of polarized intensity for the A1 and the E1 vibrational modes with respect to the POM molecular orientation is systematically studied, from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints, according to the symmetry assignments of each vibrational mode. A set of working equations including the Raman selection rules associated with the A1 and the E1 modes and the orientation distribution function are explicitly formulated and validated by means of a least‐square fitting procedure on experimental data. In addition, an approach based on the introduction of orientation distribution functions is applied to quantitatively assess and compare on a statistical base the molecular orientation of two different types of electrospun POM nanofibers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
976.
A synaptic connectivity model is assembled on a spiking neuron network aiming to build up a dynamic pattern recognition system. The connection architecture includes gap junctions and both inhibitory and excitatory chemical synapses based on Hebb’s hypothesis. The network evolution resulting from external stimulus is sampled in a properly defined frequency space. Neurons’ responses to different current injections are mapped onto a subspace using Principal Component Analysis. Departing from the base attractor, related to a quiescent state, different external stimuli drive the network to different fixed points through specific trajectories in this subspace. 相似文献
977.
Glacio S. Araujo Leonardo J.B.L. Matos Jader O. Fernandes Samuel J.M. Cartaxo Luciana R.B. Gonçalves Fabiano A.N. Fernandes Wladimir R.L. Farias 《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》2013,20(1):95-98
Microalgae have the ability to grow rapidly, synthesize and accumulate large amounts (approximately 20–50% of dry weight) of lipids. A successful and economically viable algae based oil industry will depend on the selection of appropriate microalgal strains and the selection of the most suitable lipid extraction method. In this paper, five extraction methods were evaluated regarding the extraction of lipids from Chlorella vulgaris: Bligh and Dyer, Chen, Folch, Hara and Radin, and Soxhlet. Furthermore, the addition of silica powder was studied to evaluate the introduction of more shear stress to the system as to increase the disruption of cell walls. Among the studied methods, the Bligh and Dyer method assisted by ultrasound resulted in the highest extraction of oil from C. vulgaris (52.5% w/w). Addition of powder silica did not improve the extraction of oil. 相似文献
978.
Leonardo Ermann Klaus M. Frahm Dima L. Shepelyansky 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2013,86(5):1-10
We study the properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Google matrix of the Wikipedia articles hyperlink network and other real networks. With the help of the Arnoldi method, we analyze the distribution of eigenvalues in the complex plane and show that eigenstates with significant eigenvalue modulus are located on well defined network communities. We also show that the correlator between PageRank and CheiRank vectors distinguishes different organizations of information flow on BBC and Le Monde web sites. 相似文献
979.
Leonardo?S.?LimaEmail author 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2013,86(3):99
We study the effect of the spin-phonon coupling on spin transport in the S = 1 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet. The spin conductivity is calculated using the modified spin wave theory and the Kubo formalism of transport. We calculate the regular part of the spin conductivity, σ reg (ω), as function of the frequency at finite temperature. We obtain a strong effect of the magnon-phonon interaction on magnon transport. 相似文献
980.
Giorgi Japaridze 《Archive for Mathematical Logic》2013,52(1-2):213-259
This paper constructs a cirquent calculus system and proves its soundness and completeness with respect to the semantics of computability logic. The logical vocabulary of the system consists of negation ${{\neg}}$ , parallel conjunction ${{\wedge}}$ , parallel disjunction ${{\vee}}$ , branching recurrence ?, and branching corecurrence ?. The article is published in two parts, with (the previous) Part I containing preliminaries and a soundness proof, and (the present) Part II containing a completeness proof. 相似文献