Single-exposure optical sectioning by color structured illumination microscopy

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a wide-field technique that rivals confocal microscopy in optical sectioning ability at a small fraction of the acquisition time. For standard detectors such as a CCD camera, SIM requires a minimum of three sequential frame captures, limiting its usefulness to static objects. By using a color grid and camera, we surpass this limit and achieve optical sectioning with just a single image acquisition. The extended method is now applicable to moving objects and improves the speed of three-dimensional imaging of static objects by at least a factor of three.     

Multiple nano-TiO2 layers to prevent dye/nano-TiO2 from photodegradation under a UV-exposure environment

A device of multiple nano-TiO₂ layers was proposed and fabricated to prevent a dye/nano-TiO₂ region from serious photo-degradation. In this device, the top of the dye/TiO₂ region was designed to be coated using sol-gel nano-TiO₂ thin films to shield UV irradiation from the photo-degradation effect. The sol-gel TiO₂ was prepared in a low temperature (75 °C) and verified as nano-sized particles and an anatase crystalline structure. Different devices of the multi-layer samples fabricated using different compositions of nano-TiO₂ were produced and exposed for UV irradiation tests. Results show that the presence of the sol-gel TiO₂ films coated on top of the dye/TiO₂ region can significantly alleviate the dye photo-degradation under UV irradiation. This multi-layer device can effectively improve the photo-stability of the dye/TiO₂ region in a UV-exposure environment.     

The Loewner Equation: Maps and Shapes

An approach called Schramm–Loewner evolution (SLE) provides a new method for dealing with a wide variety of scale-invariant problems in two dimensions. This approach is based upon an older method called Loewner Evolution (LE), which connects analytic and geometrical constructions in the complex plane. In this paper, the bases of LE and SLE are described and some simple applications are discussed in relatively non-technical form. A bibliography of the subject is presented.     

Synchrotron X‐ray tests of an L‐shaped laterally graded multilayer mirror for the analyzer system of the ultra‐high‐resolution IXS spectrometer at NSLS‐II

Characterization and testing of an L‐shaped laterally graded multilayer mirror are presented. This mirror is designed as a two‐dimensional collimating optics for the analyzer system of the ultra‐high‐resolution inelastic X‐ray scattering (IXS) spectrometer at National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS‐II). The characterization includes point‐to‐point reflectivity measurements, lattice parameter determination and mirror metrology (figure, slope error and roughness). The synchrotron X‐ray test of the mirror was carried out reversely as a focusing device. The results show that the L‐shaped laterally graded multilayer mirror is suitable to be used, with high efficiency, for the analyzer system of the IXS spectrometer at NSLS‐II.     

Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. LXI. Syntheses of 7-Acetyl-1,4-benzodiazepines

Methods for the synthesis of the biologically active 7-acetyl-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ( 6 ) are described. This includes two new methods for the preparation of 5-acetyl-2-aminobenzophenone ( 4 ). The crucial steps in these syntheses involve, respectively, the oxidation of an ethyl group to an acetyl group with permanganate or ceric ions ( 2 → 3; 5 → 6 ), the selective reaction of methyl lithium with the cyano group of 7-cyano-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one ( 8 ) and the efficient condensation of benzyl cyanide with the ethylene ketal of p-nitroacetophenone to form the anthranil 11 .